Higher Education In Promoting Cyber Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay

high(prenominal) suppuration In Promoting Cyber Entrepreneurship Commerce Essay1.The high development (HE) sector has become a popular feature of some(prenominal) argonas of teleph unmatchable circuit and man daysment research. Specifically, the interest of attemptrs and enterpriserships associated with transmission line development and considers what role high(prenominal) program line has play within these environments.2. Education is a long perpetual mold in life. scholarly persons basically motif to sp land up at least 6 socio-economic classs in primary school and other 4 to 6 years in secondary school before they can go for custom or continue their field of honor in high program line.3. In pursuing their education, most of them will be awarded with scholarships or education impart from government body or from whatever other financial institutions.4. savant with clear prey will usually get through the education do. At the same time we should in additi on realize the fact that roughly learners will end up half way due to financial constrain, academic failure, lack of motivation, no clear objective, etc5. Another fuss face by students, normally is business organization prospect, long wait and queue to be employed. P argonnts seems facing dilemma whether to send their children to college without any job promising prospect, or to let them to work in order to reduce or smirch financial constrain.Hansads Reports from Malaysian Parliament turn ins at that place were great concerned among the members of the sevens regarding entrepreneurship program in Malaysian Heis is as follows6. Global unemployment rate is screening an increase trend. Many factors contributed to the phenomena. This issues can be grabed from two perspective, which is global view and micro view.7. From the global view, unemployment rate is contributed by many aspect much(prenominal) as collapse of the global economic system, recession, reduce in requisite and so on The micro view light upon awayed that unemployment rate contributed by external factors such as attitudes, un ability to compete in the job market etc.8. Reports from Bank Negara reveal that radical population in Malaysia in the year 2007 were approximately 27.17 Million. Out of it, the total population for Malaysian age in the midst of 15-64 years were reported at about 17.62 M or 65% of the total population.http//www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch=1119.In year 2007 there were 3.516 M student age amongst 17 23 years. Out of that as many as 351,585 students comply their study in higher education and apparently 210,950 alumnuss enter the job market.http//www.mohe.my/web_statistic_pdf_2008_05/indicator-6-13.pdf10. at that place is no specific data on numbers of unemployment. Some claim that the unemployment numbers is amid 50000 to 80 000. The closes reliable data released shows that out of 17.24 M the unemployment rate were 3.5 % 60,340http//www.bnm.gov.my/index.php?ch =11111.Entrepreneurship is being seen as a vital source of combat and the engine for economic growth and development. According to (Nabi, G., Holden. R, 2008). Entrepreneurship activities among the graduatse in highschooler Education are one of the key to unlock the unemployment problem among the polish. (European Commission, 1998) suggested that comprehensive process to encourage entrepreneurship among the calibrates is increasingly being recognized by governmental and prudence bodies as one of the keys to unlock greater comparative in employment opportunity.12.DR.22.03.2007 Ministry of Entrepreneur organizing program scheme for unemployment graduate. Among others program outline are refine Entrepreneur programGraduate Franchise ProgramTechno-proneur programincubator graduate program13. DR.01.07.2008 Some members of parliament argued, without proper program, Heis will plead low feel graduate which will cost more problem to the nation and government should encourage entrep reneurship spirit and find ways to market the creativity and innovative ideas among the graduate14. E-commerce on the other hand unfolds an opportunity for students at college level to become entrepreneur and kale business with nominal capital without ignoring the education. This method or channel of business would offer oceanic potential.15. With the government backup such as incentives and assistance, those who venture or start this sit of e-commerce can grow fast and big, with unlimited potential customers.There is a hope and belief that if students were exposed to e-commerce they can be manoeuvre to be more organized, more focus and self- importance finance, thus win financial freedom and since the e-commerce setup is practical(prenominal) , when they complete their study, they can take their business on their knowledge without associating with the prior e-commerce model16.Many researchers suggest that Higher Institutions should place to boost up the entrepreneurial spi rit. (Kirby, 2002 David, 2006) identify the universities is the place where noesis is developed, transformed and practice.Higher Education in Malaysia17.There has been an increasing number of Malaysia in search of 3rd education in recent years. and so a comprehensive higher education plan should first be brisk so that the expansion and development of higher education will be in line with the aims of the Ninth Malaysian Plan (MP9). Specifically, offstage universities in Malaysia need a structure their tertiary master plans by analyzing the postulate and objectives of prospective academics.18.One aspect of an ideal educational objective is that it continues to produce university graduates with a high capability of becoming valuable parts of the countrys human resources in all areas. Thus, this objectives need to be sympathetic to the current development of Malaysia, they should in any case be able to continue contributing to the building of Malaysia into a quality nation.19.The Malaysian government in any case needs to match this ideal objective with its existing resources, and if the resources are not sufficient, efficient and intact, the objective will need to be revised for example, by allocating appropriate personnel to appropriate responsibilities, fostering the individuals efficiently, taking a fresh look at the structure of higher education bodies, and revising the higher education process to continuously rectify it. In the context of the advanced growing nations, Malaysia has set a ripe example by coping with any problems and challenges that have arisen as it expands its higher education (Hussin, 2004). At the time of independent in 1957, Malaysia had further one university. Now it has increased to 20 public universities and 18 private universities (until 2007) that also offer excellent academic services. This has reflects that for developing nations education is the main segment for nation growth.20.In general, higher education institution s can be categories into two major(ip) components the Public and Private Universities. These universities run undergraduate and postgraduate programmes and also offer diplomas and matriculations for undergraduate programmes. The public universities are universities that are fully controlled and funded directly by the federal government and public sector (Selvaratnam, 1992). There are before long twenty public universities in Malaysia, established between 1962 and 2007. All this universities go diverse disciplines namely UM, USM, UKM, UTM, UPM, UUM, UNIMAS, UMS, UPSI, UiTM, USIM, UDM, UMT, UTeM, UTHM, UniMAP, UMP, UMK, UPNM, and IIUM.21.On the other hand, private universities in Malaysia vary from the universities that are supported by government business agencies (e.g. Multimedia University of Malaysia, National creator University of Malaysia, Petroleum National University of Malaysia), to those supported by political parties in the consecrate government alliances (e.g. Univer sity Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR), an education arm of the Malaysian Chinese Association, a political party). In addition, there are also some branch campuses of immaterial universities here (e.g. the campuses of Monash University and the University of nottingham). There are also numbers of local private universities own by individual owners. In brief, there are cardinal private universities at this moment, catering to a high study for the tertiary education in Malaysia. Higher education also consists of nearly five hundred private colleges to support this consume from a rapidly developing country. Details of the private universities and years of proofs (see table 1.1).22. Table 1.1 Private Universities in MalaysiaBilUniversityYear established1Universiti Teknologi Petronas (UTP)20002University Tenaga Nasional (UNITEN)19993Universiti multimedia (MMU)19994Universiti Industri Selangor20015Universiti Sains dan Teknologi Malaysia (MUST)20006Universiti Terbuka Malaysia (UNITEM)20017Un iversiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR)20028International Medical University (IMU)20019Universiti Kuala Lumpur (UniKL)200210Universiti Tun Abdul Razak (UNITAR)200011University Terbuka Wawasan (WOU)200512University Antarabangsa Al Bukhari (AIU)200613Monash University Malaysia (MUM)200014University of Nottingham in Malaysia (UNiM)200015Curtin University of Technology Sarawak (CUTS)200016Swinburne University of Technology (SUT)200417Asia e-University (AeU)200718Al Madinah International University (MEDIU)2007Source Ministry of Higher Education, 2008 (www.mohe.gov.com).23.There were twelve private universities, two virtual universities and branch campuses of four foreign universities, as until 2007. The private universities have been vested with the counterbalance to award their own degrees at all levels, and the foreign universities award undistinguishable degree programs as at the host university. This will obviously mean value that academic staff numbers must have increased. Table 1.2 sho ws the total number of academics staff according their qualification from the year 2001 until 2007. The data show that immense demands for academics.24. Table 1.2 Number and Qualification of Academics in Private Universities (2001 2007) compass point/Years2001200220032004200520062007PhD2357678681,0301,3381,4631,070Masters2,0163,9194,7445,9585,3446,0776,846Bachelor5,1087,2317,0306,7535,8876,6017,754Diploma1,0502,4751,5391,0708678771,811Total8,40914,39214,18114,81113,43615,01818,081Source Ministry of Higher Education, 2007 (www.mohe.gov.com)25. The programmes offered base on the field of study in private institutions of higher learning (IHls) includes social cognizances programmes, science and technology programmes and skilful and vocational programmes. Since establishment of the private universities ministry shows, that private IHLs offered more social science programmes rather than science and technical programmes. There are reasons for this. First, private universities have fo und by individuals or organizations. Therefore, they faced financial instability to offer more technical and science based programmes. Second, social science programmes required less capital, equipment, unload and manpower to operate and maintenance. Finally, the demand for social science programmes is very huge due to educational policy which focuses on art stream in 1970s and 1980s. Consequent of this, more social sciences programmes becomes choices for young generation. Table 1.3 shows the expatiate of the programmes offered by private IHLs.Table 1.3 Programmes offered based on field of study by private universitiesProgrammes offered / Years2004200520062007Social sciences programmes716817850620Science and technology programmes382439449357 good and vocational programmes166194189140Total1,2641,4501,4891,117Source Ministry of Higher Education, 2007 (www.mohe.gov.com)26. The development of the higher education sector in Malaysia, consisting of public and private institutions, looks encouraging when considering the increasing number of institutions in recent years, but this does not mean that the demand for tertiary education in Malaysia is fulfilled. From the Nine Malaysian Plan (2006-2010) has focussed to achieve the target of 40 per cent memorandum rate of the age group 17-23 years in 2010.27. According to (King, 2003), there were not many research that focuses on graduate careers in a non- conventional context specifically graduate entrepreneurial careers in impairment of entrepreneurial intentions and developmental experiences. much research needed in this area with the increasing numbers of students considering or pursuing entrepreneurial careers (Robertson and Wilkinson, 2006 Harding, 2007 Holden et al., 2007) and the diverse range of contexts in which graduates pursue an entrepreneurial career.28. Secondly, there is a large body of research on entrepreneurship in general (Bridge et al., 2008 Henry et al., 2003), but much less so on graduate entrepre neurship (which as noted below has been distinguished from non-graduate entrepreneurship).29.This is consistent with the ISBA family (2004, p. 8) report conclusion that the literature is generally broad, fragmented and growing and, critically, that notwithstanding a wealth of literature from business and management and other disciplines, all a minority focus on graduate entrepreneurship (p. 10).30.There is a go on interest in graduate entrepreneurship intentions and attitudes thus it is eventful to spirit there is potentially increasing the number and sustainability of graduate start-ups. In relation to graduate start-up support, there are relatively few studies that focus on student/graduate enterprise and entrepreneurship education in varied and multiple contexts.31.Graduate entrepreneurship (and entrepreneurship education) in a narrower perspective, also known as students/graduates who are in the process of starting signal up or trying to start up their own businesses and are learning skills for starting up a business32.This is important because lessons may be learned and shared about curriculum development and the relative move of different approaches used towards enterprise/entrepreneurship education and readiness Whilst accepting that there is debate around the meaning of graduate entrepreneurship (see, Nabi et al., 2006a for example), in broad impairment, it can be defined as the interaction between the graduate as the product of university education and business start-up in terms of an individuals career-orientation and mindset towards self-employment33.(European Commission, 2003 ISBA Consortium, 2004 Nabi et al., 2006a).different emphasis, definitions tend to evolve around the notion that starting up ortrying to start up a business as representing an aspect of entrepreneurship (see Nabiet al., 2006a for more detailed discussion)Kirby (2004), do throw a question regarding HEs program, weather there are they trying to develop gumptious gradua tes or entrepreneurial graduates34.Moreover, it is important to realize that the concept of the graduate entrepreneur is changing and evolving, and who and what constitutes a graduate entrepreneur is shifting from a skills-based docket (looking at the tools and capabilities for start-up) to an entrepreneurial identity agenda (looking at the maturity date of students/graduates, what it mightiness be like to be a graduate entrepreneur, an understanding of themselves and the entrepreneurial lifestyle).Indeed, some of our research (Nabi et al., 2006b) and one of the papers in this special issue, by Hegarty and Jones, further addresses the notion of the graduate entrepreneur. In particular, the latter authors recommend thatenterprise programmes should also focus on the aim to develop student taking into custody of what entrepreneurs do, why they are important to the economy and more importantly to society.2.3 entrepreneurial GraduatesGraduate students playing a polar role in patterni ng the prospective of our nation. Quality student will positively contribute in ensuring the continuous sustainable growth in all aspect nation development. Not only on the economy, but also in minimizing the social problems. catamenia scenario shows, many social problems occurred, indirectly reflected by the quality of our graduate students. High rise of unemployed graduate, increased numbers on mental disorder cases caused by social problem such as drugs trafficking, crime, etc.Student should be guided continuously and motivated. Only by motivation student will perform better in what ever there are involved. Students will do better and improved in their performance if there are crystal clear on what there are doing and what end result there are assumeing.Moreover, it is important to realize that the concept of the graduate entrepreneur is changing and evolving, and who and what constitutes a graduate entrepreneur is shifting from a skills-based agenda (looking at the tools and capabilities for start-up) to an entrepreneurial identity agenda (looking at the maturity of students/graduates, what it might be like to be a graduate entrepreneur, an understanding of themselves and the entrepreneurial lifestyle). (Thomas W. Z,1994) define entrepreneur as person who realizes a unsanded business in the face of risk and uncertainty for the purpose of achieving advantage and growth by identifying opportunity and assembling the necessary resources to capitalization.There is also endless discussion around types of entrepreneurship. Reynolds et al., (2004) distinguish between opportunity entrepreneurship and necessary entrepreneurship.In this article, I would like to table for discussion on another type of entrepreneur, which is cyber entrepreneurship.According to Carrier et al., (2004) Information technology is changing the creation in more prominent than any other technology in the history of mankind. European Commission, (1997) had identifies there are two types of firm utilise IT technology in business. First is the firm with physical presence traditional company using Internet as a new distribution channel or also said as logical reference book of their traditional business. Second the dotcoms, internet startups business.With the evolvement of Internet technology and cyber world, it is very crucial for Government policy makers and HEs management to seriously considering this medium to transforming graduate into self employment.2.5 Cyber entrepreneurThere are very little research through which promoting the term cyber entrepreneurs. There were some studies which referring the technology base entrepreneur with various term such as IT Techno-entrepreneur were derived from the word technology entrepreneur, will be interchangeably used with the word entrepreneur in order to affiliate that techno-entrepreneurship are the subset of entrepreneurship. (Christian S., 2009) defined cyber-entrepreneur as an individual who creates a firm that is basically founded upon e-commerce, and whose main activities are based on the exploiting networks, using internet, intranets and extranets.Cyber entrepreneurship is still in it emergent phase and there is more to know about the phenomena and the fraction in venture creation process (Carrier et al., 2004 Jiwa, Lavelle. Rose, 2004 martin Wright, 2005)We can conclude the terms cyber-entrepreneurship or cyber-entrepreneur can be referred to any start-up business or any attempt to exploit the information technology for business purposes and intended to top profit in return. Those persons who set out to be IT entrepreneurs are a great deal seen as special, brave, strong, or else well connected to sources of start-up income beyond those that could reasonably expect to obtain.Technology entrepreneurship, the act and process of creating new, technology-intensive start-ups, is a subject of increasing importance in many parts of the world. Entrepreneurship in parts of South tocopherol A sia especially Malaysia has recently undergone rapid revitalization.(Reina et al., 2008) stressed virtual or cyber based business in general have not yet image the required level of maturity that would leave a lasting impact on the way company conduct electronic base business. interim the term Information Technology Techno-entrepreneur arose from within Malaysian culture to signalize an individual whose entrepreneurial endeavors focus on to Information Technology point enterprise.Ministry of Entrepreneur and Co-operative Development (MEDC) reported in 2007 annual report, reported to coiffure and strengthened it direction from increasing number of entrepreneur of entrepreneurs, to focusing on developing quality techno entrepreneurs who are at par with the international entrepreneur.2.6 chance for HEs graduate to venture into entrepreneurshipTurn ball et al, (2001) find out subsequently sitting on the entrepreneur course, students attitudes towards entrepreneurship moved from ne gative to neutral. And lane, 2002 suggested mentoring activity is powerful in changing perception towards entrepreneur.Comprehensive study done by (National Higher Education Research Institute IPPTN, Feb 2003) on the unemployed graduate defined the list of suggestion to improve the unemployment graduate. The final reports which were produced in Bahasa Malaysia outlinedExpose student in HEs in self employment potential. bequeath entrepreneurship infrastructure in HEsAppoint entrepreneur CounselorProvide entrepreneur fundDevelop an entrepreneur curriculumSkills training for graduating studentsSupport and function by HEs2.7 How HEs can initiate a cyber entrepreneurship activitiesGovernment and policy makers as well as HEs administrators should look for possibilities on imposing cyber entrepreneurship activities to those are interested. Followed are some possible approaches can be adapt by HEs in initiating and inspiring the cyber entrepreneurship activities in Malaysian education ins titution.In order to create interest and increase awareness, classroom education method is not the only approaches can be used. HEs can also used the alternative methodology to promote entrepreneurship.(Alperstedt and Henrique, (2006) introduced a Business Plan Competition as a alternative teaching methodology to promote entrepreneurship. The competition was coherent with its final cause of developing the entrepreneur interest into the participant. The study carried out, does not explore the execution possibilities the business plan or creating their own enterprise after word. This piece of writing would like to proposed some amended entrepreneur start up model which originally proposed by (Martyn. R. and Amanda. C, 2003), together with the methodology proposed by (Alperstedt and Henrique,(2006).During the plan period, enrolment in tertiary education institutions of all levels is expected to increase to 1, 326, and 340 in 2010 with 32.3 per cent at first degree and 35.8 per cent at diploma. To cater for the projected demand for tertiary education, the public universities not capable to fulfils. Therefore the present of the private universities play an important role in fulfilling the demand and nation growth.