G-20 and other Global Organizations Research Paper

G-20 and other(a) Global Organizations - Research Paper ExampleG-20 initiates close cooperation with other international organizations like World Bank, multinational Monetary Fund, Financial Stability Board, and Basel Committee on Banking Supervision moreover, experts from private and governmental organizations welcome been invited to the jacket crown on an ad hoc basis (www.g20.org).New financial policies adopted by the centre of attention committee have evoked severe response from the public in many countries, particularly, Canada. Toronto was the hot potato during this jolt as it gathered worlds major financial leaders amidst warnings that their failure to cooperate on core financial and economic issues cold cost tens of millions of jobs across the globe. The inapplicability of the policies of G-8 resulted in framing a more omnipotent G-20 to overcome the financial crises the world face at the moment. The G-20 richest countries in the world gathered to facilitate discussions on international financial meltdown and finding out repairs to international capitalist system.The problem starts when the G-20 meeting is inform as the protestors keep in focus the issues related to continued lockouts and strikes at factories, job cuts, pension destructions, dispossession of houses, rise in unemployment, uncertainty and homelessness of employees. The meeting essentially takes place to discuss only problems such as recession, bank failures, regulatory wreckage, falling trade, rising unemployment and anti poverty targets. Whenever there is a G-20 meet, it is common to captivate a large crowd of slew gathering at the spot to protest the meeting with diverse reasons of their claims. As reported by Schneider & Wilson (2010), Torontos policy intended to further exploit the environment and race sing a system that sustains colonialism, wars and displacement was opposed largely by a gathering of tens of thousands of people at Toronto.The activists were capable of demo nstrating their struggles

Impact of New Technology in Nursing Research Paper

Impact of New Technology in Nursing - Research Paper ExampleThis technology identifies the mutations of genes that expose a person to the development of chronic illnesses (American affiliation for Cancer Research, 2012). Genetics also identifies the carrier status, and diagnose certain uteri conditions. The medical professionals encounter patients who get wind health facilities requiring discourse with their genetic sequencing and genotyping at hand. The availability of genetic data empowers the patients, and enhances better health care.The altercate that the nursing fraternity submit with the introduction of the genetic technology is the education (American Association for Cancer Research, 2012). almost of the nurses in the current nursing practice have little or no knowledge virtually the genomics and genetics, hence lacking the required competence for delivery of effective counseling and the discharge of knowledge to the germane(predicate) patients. Contrary to the above c oncerns, the technology of genetic sequencing and genotyping continues to improve the interventional medicine by improving the diagnostics of nursing. (American Association for Cancer Research, 2012)The introduction of more accurate but less invasive tools in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases has changed the nursing practice. The emergence of technologies that test the existence of heart disease, monitoring the amount of blood sugar and the employ of magnets to treat depression has transformed the outlook of nursing (Kelland, 2012). The use of scanning technology to identify the stark and soft body tissues is extensively important in the elimination of exploratory surgeries that inflict pain on patients in the process of determining the genesis of an illness (Miliard, 2012). These scans also detect the spread of chronic diseases straightaway than the x ray imaging.Despite the medical advances that come with the more accurate diagnosis tools, the challenge that the nurses fa ce is in the use of the

International strategic management - Case study (Emirate airline)

International strategic management - (Emirate skyway) - Case Study object lessonThe major segment of the stakeholders, the customers and their interests were overlooked by the company when they too much focused on former(a) aspects of the trading operations of the company. The customer service standards have been adversely affected and the reputation of the airline has been affected badly in the few years.In an ever changing mankind of business, customers have attained the topmost antecedence and the bargaining power of the sellers is low compared to the buyers at present. Moreover, competition has been increased a lot because of the mod organizations entree into the airline business which forced Emirates airlines to think strongly in terms of restructuring its business policies and strategies to suit the of necessity of the current business initiation and the stakeholders. At present Emirates airline has started to reinforce its competitive power by implementing many revise d strategies to make the customers happy.Owned and administered by some of the royal family members of the Dubai administration, the major strength of Emirates airline is its immense financial capabilities. Money is not a barrier for emirates airline to try and test new strategies in its business to satisfy the customers. But this enormous financial strength, one way or otherwise misled the company towards unwise strategies like untimely diversification overlooking the interests of the passengers. The rapid progress of Dubai towards becoming the worlds topmost business hub has provided immense scope of business for Emirates airlines. At present, tourists from all over the world selecting Dubai as their favorite destination for spending their leisure time because of the big shopping facilities it offers to the visitors and Emirates airlines can apply these opportunities for their advantages.Major airliners like Air India, Etihad, Gulf air, British airways, Qatar airways etc are rai sing stiff challenges to the smooth operations of Emirates airlines. These competitors are offering cheap

History of the Manhattan Project Research Paper

tarradiddle of the Manhattan Project - Research Paper ExampleThis writing examines the Manhattan project which led to the creation of the pieceic bomb. The paper would evaluate the detailed history of the Manhattan project. It would also include an in-depth assessment of the role the Manhattan project in instauration War II and the effects it created.In 1938, German scientists discovered that if your bombarded elements of uranium with neutrons, you would split the nucleus of the atom and this could create enormous heat anneutronst1. The Germans called this nuclear fission because it was similar to the split of asexual organisms in their rearing process. Prior to that era, scientists in Europe had collaborated freely with no signs of hostility. The various scholars collaborated in cities like Cambridge, Rome and Berlin where they share ideas and views on inventions and new ways of improving science.However, the rise of Nazism and Fascism split Europe and put the Jewish populatio n of physicists and scientists in danger. In the 1930s and 1940s, many of these Jewish scientists fled Germany and parts of Europe due to the inimical ideologies that sought to annihilate the Jewish people. Most of these scientists ended up in the United States of America. A far-famed example is Albert Einstein who got himself a job in the Princeton University.In the 1930s, theoretical Physics was like an secret science which was known by a handful of people2. Thus, most scientists doubted the power of nuclear fusion and the supposition of splitting uranium atoms to create powerful bombs.However, Hungarian-born physicist, Leo Szilard knew of the German attempts to develop the atomic bomb. He make two other Jewish-European migrants to discuss the threat. Szilard made it clear that Hitlers acquisition of the atomic bomb could make him the victor of a war between Germany and the free world. Szilard and his colleagues asked Einstein to intervene in the matter.

Business Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Law - Assignment Example pricking accepted the damage of $ 190 and Mary took the roll away. The case scenario deals with the conditions surrounding the formation of valid business expurgates. A contract is defined as an agreement between two parties that creates legal obligation to the two parties to perform or abstain from performing a certain obligation or action (Farnsworth, 1991). A contract must entail an offer by one party and acceptance of the offer by the other party. The ad placed in the local newspaper by Peter is not an offer but an invitation to treat. Peter is inviting interested persons to make an offer for the purchase of the bicycle. Accordingly, advertisements are classified as invitations to treat since the seller disregard refuse to sell the item at cost if it is mistakenly marked (Blum, 2007). The advertisement is displayed to a larger number of people with an undefined way of selecting whom to sell the bicycle. For instance, the advertisement doe s not clarify whether to sell the bicycle to the first person to accept the labeled price. It this case, the advertisement is geared at generating interests and prolonging negotiations towards the formation of the contract (Stone, 2005). afterwards the invitation to treat, Jonathan makes an offer to through a telephone to purchase the racing bicycle at a price of $ 160. However, rules of contract stipulate that the subject matter of contract must be present at the magazine of making the offer. According to the Uniform Commercial code,

Strategic Marketing Plan For Red Bull Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Strategic Marketing Plan For ruby-red hair - Essay grammatical caseSummary of the task The study aims towards designing a marketing plan for loss Bull. Background ablaze(p) Bulls is a twenty five social classs old connection that has been selling energy salute. In the year 1980, Dietrich Mateschitz founded Red Bull, inspired by a functional beverage originated from Far East. He created the energy drink and promoted it through a unique marketing concept. In its early days it was sold in the place market of Austria but today Red Bull is sold in more than 165 countries. Red Bull is not only a new product but has given birth to a totally new category of product. Today Red Bull has sold more than 35 cardinal cans (Red Bull GmbH, n.d.). Outline The marketing plan of Red Bull covers the following Product Non-caffeine drinks for the kids and other commonwealth who do not drink for energy purpose. Place Designing an expansion plan through which the fellowship can operate in other geographical atomic number 18as. Price Red Bull will be implementing some cost reduction techniques so that the price of the products can be reduced. Promotion Red Bull will be promoting their new product through social net pretending site, public relationship activities etc. At the same time they will also promote their current product as safe to drink. Strategic Marketing Plan Marketing Audit Marketing audit is defined as the attend of comprehensive, systematic, independent and periodic examination of a familiaritys or business units marketing environment, objectives, strategies and activities with a view of determining problem areas and opportunities and recommending a plan of action to improve the companys marketing performance (Avasarikar and Chordiya, 2007, p. 4.15). Marketing audit helps in increasing the profitability of the company (Kotler, 1999). Red Bull deals in energy drinks with various tastes targeted towards young people who are involved into strenuous work start ing from athletes and weight lifter to common man working in office. The marketing audit is through with(p) through SWOT analysis that highlights on the internal, external and competitor analysis. Based on results the issues are identified. inner analysis Strength Market leadership In the year 2012 the company has sold total of 5.226 billion cans all over the world. This figure represented a 12.8% increase in the sales as compared to the figures of 2011. The company is the global leader in energy drinks. The company has a market share of 70% in the world. Even the other drinks offered by other companies are also facing competition in breast of Red Bull. Figure 1 Red Bulls Net Sales and Cans sold in 2010-12. (Source Euromonitor International, 2013) Millward Brown (2010, cited by Bodner, 2011) stated that Red Bull is positioned at 79th position amongst all the global brands deserving 8,154 billion dollar. It is positioned at fourth rank amongst all the popular brands in soft drink s like forwards Sprite and Fanta but behind Coke (Zero, Lights and Diets), Coca Cola and Pepsi. Coke and Coca Cola are the third largest brands all over the

Apple (Motivation and leadership) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Apple (Motivation and leadership) - precondition Paper ExampleLeadership is the driving force behind the success and failure of business organisations. It determines the carriage resources are utilized and human capital is led for the welfare of the entire familiarity. The kind of leadership that a troupe has is responsible for its growth and expansion and the creation of warring advantages in the environment (Noe 2013, 24). Successful businesses fool leaders who understand the changing business trends and devises strategies that are in tandem with these changes. This paper examines the human resource practices are Apple Inc., showing how they have been essential in steering the caller to its status as one of the best company in the manufacture of various kinds of consumer electronics.Apple Incorporation is an American company that is among the worlds leading companies in the productions of electronics and related peripherals. The companys main line of exertion is production of computer softwares and other related electronics such as mobile phones among other gadgets (Grady 2009, 7). Some of the products that the company has been well known for include the iPad, iPhone, iPod as well as Mac computers.The company has been expanding and increasing is charge in many countries, it is estimated that at the start of 2014, it had established close to 400 retail stores in more than than 15 countries worldwide (Grady 2009, 11). In addition, the company has developed online stores to appeal to clients who do shopping online, on this stores, the company sells computer hardware as well as different other related softwares. However, despite the pass off that the company has been making, training employees remains its main activity in a bid to remain competitive and keep pace with rivals.Human resource functions at Apple Inc., have been significant in the carry through of helping the company to remain relevant and competitive amidst the changing business environme nt. It is important

Sainsbury (in branch level) Organisational diagonis and problem Essay

Sainsbury (in branch level) Organisational diagonis and problem analysis - Essay ExampleThe securelys of the specific assiduity have all significant potentials as also weaknesses. Sainsburys is hotshot of the key competitors of the finical sector. The dissolute has not severely affected by the recession, at least up to now. However, it seems that the inability of its leaders to answer to the need of the market, as increased under the pressure of the global financial crisis, has caused turbulences in the internal organizational performance. Moreover, instability has been also demonstrable in regard to the firms financial performance, a phenomenon do cle ber from June 2010 onwards. The changes suggested in regard to the firms leadership should be more effectively promoted trying to bend delays in the restructuring of the organization aiming to minimize the risk of potential damages. It seems that through an effective plan of action the firm will be able to stabilize its pe rformance in the British market and seek for go on growth. 1. Introduction Under the influence of globalisation, firms in all industries have to continuously update their practices in parliamentary law to secure their position either locally or internationally. In certain sectors, competition is extremely high, peculiarly when firms of similar characteristics are involved. The UK supermarket industry is an indicative example. When trying to develop their organizational plans, the firms that operate in the particular industry have to face a series of challenges and barriers. Current paper focuses on the review of Sainsburys organizational structure and practices. Efforts are made so that the firms organizational problems are diagnosed among them, one is chosen and is further analysed and evaluated. Also, recommendations are made so that the specific problem to be eliminated or, if the above laughingstock is not feasible, just to be effectively controlled. In this context, a serie s of change intervention methods are presented and appropriately justified, aiming to support the improvement of the organizational performance, as expected to result from the limitation or the settlement of the firms key organizational problem. 2. Description of search method 2.1 Documentary Evidence The research over the organizational structure and performance of Sainsburys is based on appropriate documentary evidence, which includes cloth of the following kind books published in the academic literature, articles published by organizations focusing on financial evaluation (e.g. Bloomberg), articles of newspapers and non-governmental organizations and reports published by the organization under evaluation. The material described above is appropriately categorize in terms of its relevance with the issues under discussion and is used in order to support the arguments developed in the paper. Most important, through these documents, the potential failures of the organization are identified (along with its strengths) in the context of the needs of this study. 2.2 Limitations of the research method chosen The documents employed in this study, as describe above, refer to different metre periods, so that the performance of the organization under different market conditions to be identified. However, the specific

Gain an understanding of Marx and apply the work of the theorist to a Essay

Gain an intellectual of Marx and apply the work of the theorist to a contemporary issue - Essay ExampleThe club represent the intellectual avant-garde as it took a leading part in the Young Hegelian sweat (Blumenberg 33). Marx eventually became a journalist, the end of his life spent in London in poverty. His works were non well known during his own lifetime. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel was a German philosopher who was instrumental in the creation of the German Idealism. last in 1831, Hegel was part of the philosophical environment of the late 18th and early 19th century. Hegel developed theories or so alienation but was confined to theorizing or so alienation of consciousness. Marx was interested in Feuerbach who connected the supposition to existence. Blumenberg (2000) quotes Marx as having said that Feuerbach founded true materialism by making the social relationship of man to man the prefatorial theory of his principle and for having opposed Hegels mere negation of the negation with the positive that has its own self for foundation and flat coat (58). In pursuing this area of inquiry, Marx developed his theories of revolution upon real humanism which aims to overthrow capitalist hostelry in order to realize the human essence (Blumenberg 2000 58). ... Feuerbach postulated that it is anthropotheistic, the exclusive love of man for himself, the exclusive self-affirmation of the human-nature (Churchich 1994 260). The theory of alienation was explored as man alienates himself from his nature through the development of religion. Marx adapted this concept to his own theories of the proletariat. Intentions and Purposes Marx basin be seen for his formation of the theory of a utopian society in which the true essence of cosmos human can be revealed and lived. His calls for revolution are based upon a belief that the path on which commerce and industry was setting a course would be the end of true humanity. Marx posited his theories with the intention o f condemning capitalism, an economic structure that he found to be damning to the human race. Marx intended to support his beliefs in Socialism however, his work was not to be known during his own lifetime. Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts were not produce until 1928, his own era not knowing much almost his theories (Blumenberg 2000). Themes Most of what Marx is known for writing about is in terms of the role of the worker within a capitalist society. In his Theories of Alienation, Marx developed ideas about the nature of man, his need for understanding the purpose of his work and the intent. He discusses the way in which art is a natural part of the human experience, relating this human element to the way in which capitalism takes this from man in the industrialization of production as it is done for the purpose of providing profit to the owners. The interruption of management in the unravel of gain from product creates another form of alienation in which the end benefit is not recognise by the one who produces the product.

Electronic health record (EHR) Literature review

Electronic health record (EHR) - Literature review grammatical caseEHRs argon genuinely quick as there is no need for any paper-work for documenting and sharing of the development and images. Thus, an EHR plays a vital role in evidence based treatment and decision-making without having to go through the manual process (Williams, 2010 National Institutes of Health National Center for Research Resources, 2006). These enable access to the records even from aloof areas by means of online networking. The drawback with EHRs is that these are quite expensive but once implemented, these tend to be very cost-effective. Carter (2008) studied that the concept of EHRs began in 1960s with the COSTAR system, developed by Barnett at the Laboratory of Computer scientific discipline at Massach employmenttts General Hospital (p.7). According to him, the earlier efforts provided models and pseudo types on which current hospital-based and ambulatory EHRs are based upon. Iakovidis (1998) suggested that EHRs can be used as tools for continuity of care and for collaborative death penalty of healthcare providers. Many lookers have studied the functionality of EHRs in various contexts. All studies have led to the outcome that EHRs are a significant contribution to the medical industry since these have modernized the way patients info is stored. Poissant et al. ... Research has it that despite significant advantages of EHRs, their adoption rates are progressing rather slowly. Gans et al (2005) conducted a research on the use of EHRs and IT based tools in the health industry and concluded that most health professionals were non incorporating EHRs especially in smaller practices. Their aimings suggested that the adoption of EHRs was making progress at a snails pace however, the physicians mean to incorporate them in the coming years. They arrange that this happened because the practitioners found it difficult to choose and implement EHRs. This research is back up by the fi ndings by Jha et al. (2006) who studied how common are the EHRs in USAs health sector. They found that the year they conducted the research, the commonness of EHRs was low on scale. According to them, data on their adoption rate are limited. They found that only 23.9 percent of providers were using ambulatory EHRs and 5 percent were using computerized systems. They suggested that what kept physicians from implementing EHRs in their settings was the knowledge gap. These findings are further supported by recent researches as well. For example, Jha et al. (2009) conducted a research to find out if the adoption rate of EHRs in the healthcare sector has increased with passing years. Thus, they conducted a punt research in 2009 and came to the same conclusion as in 2006. They found that despite a consensus that the use of health information technology should lead to more efficient, safer, and higher-quality care, there are no reliable estimates of the preponderance of adoption of electro nic health records in U.S. hospitals. Jha et al. (2009) conducted a big survey of a number of subacute care hospitals to find out the EHR

Business the Richard Branson Way Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

work the Richard Branson Way - Assignment ExampleThe paper tells that Branson delegates the duty to his management staff and ginger ups innovation and meaningful mixed bag in the vestal Group. The leader is approachable and accords time to everyone in the group despite being the degree of many ventures. Branson influences and motivates the men in his group through the power of personality. The leader spurs others into action and raises the morale of the Virgin Group. Transformational leaders create an environment for others to apply the innovative skills in solving problems and developing competitive products and services. The move workforce and the innovative ideas have facilitated the expansion of the Virgin Group to take a strong point in the marketplace. Branson works in consultation with the management team, especially during the formative stages of a new venture. subsequently the venture peaks, Richard Branson gives the management and the subordinate workforce the spac e to implement viable ideas to run the enterprise. Branson does not pattern the hierarchical organizational structure. Transformational leadership style believes in the distinct set of skills that every member of workforce possesses can drive organizations to achieve success. In essence, Branson promotes teamwork. Transformational leadership style holds that leaders in the organization should overhear that leadership does not imply to the positions or titles. Rather, leadership entails an interactive process between the leaders and the followers. The credit is a strong foundation of the leadership, and Richard Branson has maintained charismatic attributes since the foundation of the Virgin Group. The transformational leaders should motivate and inspire their followers through assisting them to achieve the best results in different tasks within the organizations.

Genetically Modified Foods Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetically Modified Foods - explore Paper ExampleDespite this, the development of these foods has met sharp critics from various stake turn overers in the field of agriculture and medicine, and this has resulted to rise up-grounded debates in parliaments of various countries, United States of America included. In the payoff of genetically circumscribed foods, scientists usually study desirable genes from crops, combine them and come out with crops that are more superior in regard to disease and pest attack, as well as production. This is contrary to traditional food reproduction technology, in which misrelated crops were used. The cliche in the technology, as fence ind by opponents is based on the idea that recombining inter-species genes do not beat ways of evaluating the potential threats and long-term effects on the consumption of genetically modified foods by donjon organisms. Since food affects each and every one of us, the discussion on food safety is of great grand ness to all humankind, and thus proper evaluation of both thee merits and demerits associated with the technology is necessary. This essay seeks to outline the merits and demerits of genetically modified foods, and argue that the merits outweigh the demerits, and thus production of foods using this technology should be encouraged. Advantages of genetically modified foods To lodge to the technology of GMOs, consumers need to be well informed on all aspects of the food starting from its production to preparation and consumption. In this regard, the consumers also need to be informed on the nutrition levels of different foods in order to ensure they purchase and consume foods that meet their health requirements. Opponents argue that GMOs harm new(prenominal) organisms, human included the recombination of genes may at times be ineffective and lead to the production of virulent foods, which when consumed seat be fatal. This is contrary to the current standards as all genetically food are tried and true against health standards before being released to the market. In the production of genetically modified foods, the recombination of genes is strived to ensure that the crops are little exposed to pest and disease attacks. This is beneficial to the farmers as it reduces their cost of production and consequently increase yields and return. Therefore, the farmers can use the saved money in meeting other stinting demands, which is also necessary for the economic development of a country (Skinner and Liang 12-78). On this point, opponent base their argument on the render of foods and argue that genetically modified food have bad taste in comparison to natural foods. Although the taste of foods affects the appetitive of an individual, the nutritional value of the food is more important and thus their argument does not hold sound ground for an argument. Our ecology is very important in ensuring that all life of living organisms is sustained, and chemic components us ually affect our ecology by tampering with the water systems as well as the exposure to chemicals, which have adverse effects on humans, as well as animals (Shepard 34). Through the production of genetically modified foods, fewer chemicals are used, and this ensures that humans are less exposed to chemical hazards, as well as our environment remains unpolluted. Opponents argue that since genetically modified food are not approximate for human consumption, their production may lead to cross-pollination thus making it hard to identify genetically modified foods. Drought and other natural disasters have become a common occurrence in the new past, and this has led to various organizations across the world striving to innovate new means of producing high yields in crop production

World Geogrpahy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

World Geogrpahy - Essay ExampleWe begin by reading the testimony of a stampede that took place on Aug. 31, 2005 all over a bridge over the Tigris River in Baghdad in which about 1,000 pilgrims at sea their lives. Here we get to be introduced to Othman al-Obeidi, a Sunni who lost his life tour trying to save Shiite from drowning in the river. Shiite consider him a martyr, some Sunnis too, while on the other hand a absolute majority of Sunnis believe that he, wasted his life for those animals (Ghosh, p.1).The basic issue here(predicate) is that there are mixed feelings between people on both ends. Some are friendly, while others have nothing but malice against each other. The origins of this fight began right after the death of visionary Muhammad, with there being two groups of people one who wished Muhammads Cousin Ali to be the Caliph, while others, the majority wanting Abu Bakr to become Caliph. After some years, a battle in the ground of Karbala took place in which the grands on of Muhammad, namely Hussein was martyred by Yazeed, the son of Muawiyah. Shiite mourns the death of Hussein each year on Ashura with sheepcote march in the streets, beating their chests and crying in sorrow. The extremely devout flagellate themselves with swords and whips. (Ghosh, p.2).Those who remained true to Muawiyah came to be known as Sunnis. Majority of Muslims across the world are Sunnis, but those who feel oppressed by their rulers are always attracted by the Shiite belief, which form a majority in countries like Iraq, Iran, Bahrain, Azerbaijan, Saudi Arabia, Lebanon and Pakistan. However, no matter how big the population be, it has generally been noted that Sunnis have remained politically in power in all the aforementioned countries (except Iran perhaps). Sunni leaders always upheld their domination by not including Shiites in the armed forces and bureaucracy. The

Corparate finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corparate finance - Essay archetypeOne of the most significant repugns that most SMEs stand faced regardless of their country of origin is the paradox of access to financing for their operations as well as for their growth and development. Studies reveal that most SMES ar characterized by very tight budgets and liquidity constraints and are therefore constantly in search of juvenile sources of financing (Jiang, Li & Lin, 2014).According to Abereijo and Fayomi (2005), the generation of entrepreneurial ideas is not normally a difficult challenge for most people, however, the generation or availability of funds to translate the idea into a running commerce is another. A lot of ideas have that were considered excellent and innovative have been known to die simply due to the fact that the entrepreneurs who came up with them lacked funds to translate them to businesses and also due to the fact that financial institutions could not checker to invest in them. It is therefore importa nt to note that finance from whichever source, is diminutive for the growth and development of SMEs and in order to maximize the profits realized from the business. Given the nature of SMEs as shown above, there is therefore critical need for the financing of their activities mostly from external sources of finance (Briozzo, 2012).It has been suggested that on a general scope, SMEs normally have four main financing requirements these are the initial investments on infrastructure, the operational costs which are sometimes required in lump sum amount, growth and expansion, and finally, unexpected opportunities that arise during the course of operations requiring a quick access to finances. It is however noted that despite the glaring need for finances, most SMEs often favor to use internal sources of finances for example from the entrepreneurs own funds or from the cash flows from operations alternatively of choosing external sources of finance. This choice is normally determined by the relative

Moral Dilemma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Moral Dilemma - Research Paper typeThis essay implements both of these theorists perspectives, in characterizing the moral development of am eleven-year-old child named Jeremy.Jeremy is an eleven-year-old child who has been faced with a moral dilemma surrounding his actions on a test. The specific scenario is that Jeremy, who has struggled in math, has been promised an increase in hebdomadal allowance if he improves in math by one letter grade. During a math exam, he decided to look on a couple of his peers papers and change his answers accordingly. He ended up getting a perfect score, raising his grade by a letter grade, and receiving an increase in allowance. While Jeremy has been successful in his pursuit of a higher grade, its clear that his actions constitute moral impropriety.As established, Jeremys actions in cheating on his text represent morally improper actions. Still, the incertitude remains whether such immorality is an aberration or is an age appropriate indication of Jeremys acquaint of moral and cognitive development. These concerns have been examined by both Piaget and Kohlberg. Both of these theorists implement a developmental gravel with stages of the individual passes through (Douglas 1993). Kohlbergs possible action of moral development functions within the overarching context of Piagets theory of cognitive development (Douglas 1993). In considering Kohlbergs theory of moral development within the context of Jeremys situation, its clear that Jeremy is acting at an age appropriate train. Perhaps the prominent consideration in terms of Jeremys development is what Kohlberg terms the pre-conventional stage of development. For individuals at Jeremys age, the age appropriate level is the second stage of the pre-operational stage. According to Kohlberg & Lickona (1976) this stage is characteristic of acting in ways that directly make headway the self without disregard for larger moral concerns. Its clear that

Transferring Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Transferring - Essay ExampleI must confess that upon rejection, I remained extremely disturbed for a considerably lengthy period of time not because I give myself incapable of achieving my aim, but because of being rejected for a reason that was beyond my ascendency. My friends helped me during that phase by direct messages exchangeable realize that there are things which arent under your control, no matter how hard you try. But to me, wholly this appeared to be an oversimplification of the reality as I strongly believe that those who hide behind excuses like things are not under control, may never be able to take control of their lives let alone bring a positive change in the world.For this reason and also due to the fact that I like this private institution because of the limited strength of classes that raises student-faculty interaction, I mustered up heroism to give a second try to fulfill my dream of studying at the trine College. I am confident that if I am given a ch ance to study at the Trinity College, my stay will not only be beneficial for myself, but also for my fellow students as I love to share knowledge with others and always take active part in ventures that enhance learning in a collective

Discourse Community Essay Example for Free

wield Community EssayHave you ever been among people who are very much like you? That it does not matter what differences you have you totally have a serving to a greater extent in common. A phallus of 4-H constitutes a hash out community because of an agree set of common public goals, level of membership, and something that provides information and feedback.An agreed set of public goals for our community is that as a whole group we do a potty of community service. For a couple of years my club would go to a nursing home and do different activities with the elderly. Whether it be making them sun catchers to hang in their windows or play board and instrument panel games with them. It was very surprising my first year to find out that a lot of the elderly in nursing homes neer get visitors. This made me very sad. So my club took a vote and unflinching to keep going back month after month and building a bond with these dire people. I loved sitting around talking with the m and hearing about all the different stories apiece of them had to tell. Another community service my group did was that we went to different parks right as spring began and we would rig beautiful flowers for everyone to enjoy.Something we do that provides information or feedback would be putting on our fair. Not only at a county fair are there rides, carnival games, and carnival food but also all the hard work each 4-Her has put in to the cyphers they have to complete to be a per centum of the group. There are so many different ciphers, from livestock to sewing to cooking to robotics to duct show art to the shooting sports. Over the years, I have taken many projects from all areas in our project guide, but my favorite has been the self-determined projects. While having four years left in the program I rattling valued to find a project that I truly loved and enjoyed doing.All myfri annuls had their favorite and I wanted mine, so me and mom were looking through the project g uide and we found a self-determined project on American Sign Language. I was so beaming because this was a undischarged interest of mine, and something I was looking in to doing for my career. By taking this project for four years it had helped me make a net decision on what I wanted to go to college for. I was right, I have a great passion for American Sign Language and learning about the deaf community.The level of membership in 4-H does not have anything to do with your knowledge or experience. For most people like myself, we got started in 4-H at the age of five cosmos a cloverbud. I got to go to the club meetings, participate in them, do activities with older members, and plain take a project to the fair if I wanted to, but it skillful did not get judged. At the age of eight I became a first year 4-Her. I got to take any project(s) I wanted, and gave me a good feeling that I got to pick what I wanted to do. I took a mart lamb, sewing for beginners, and cooking project. I had so much fun operative with my grandma on my sewing project but learnt at the age of eight that it was not something I liked to do. I cooked with my mom and found I really enjoy to cook. Working on my market lamb with my older sister was probably the best of all my first year experiences. I never took another livestock project throughout my fifteen years in 4-H though. I could not handle sending an animal to its death after I had spent endless amounts of time with it.When I false eleven I became a petty(prenominal) member and when I did my projects I was expected to do more with in them. As I got older in this world I took on more certificate of indebtedness and helped out around the fair. I even was royalty my first year as a junior member. I had the honor of being the fairs princess in two-thousand and six. So there is where the new responsibility came from, but it was a lot of fun. I had to dress nice and look cute which was the one thing I suddenly hated, especially havi ng to do it at fair. At the age of sixteen I became a senior member, which meant even more responsibilities and a better work ethic. When I get to judging for my projects they expected great work, spotless books, that I had done all the activities in the books, and that I took a good amount of time on putting together my poster of information.As an older 4-H member I also had a lot of opportunities to do some really cool things. We as older membersput on a ring for the younger members for five days. We get to become their role models just as I once looked up to the older members when I was critical. It is a really good feeling when a kid comes up to you and tells you that they study you do a good job and look up at you. My junior year of gamy school I thought that was going to be my last year in 4-H, because I had hopes to union the military next summer and complete training before coming to college. Once again I was royalty of our fair, this time as queen with my best childho od friend as my king.By the end of fair that year I was happy with my 4-H career and proud of everything I have done, but little did I know that I would get my real last year. I am very happy that I did get my true last year in 4-H with all the other kids I had vainglorious up in the program. Even though there has been hard times throughout these years of being a 4-Her, I would not trade the past fifteen years of my life for anything else.4-H is a discourse community because of all that we not only stand for but what all we do. From helping and being a part of the community around us to giving information and feedback to those that go through the program to sightedness yourself grow over the years and becoming the person you want to be. So why not amount of money a community that not only helps others but also yourself.

My First Lair Essay Example for Free

My counterbalance Lair EssayIt was 22nd of December, 2001, my 10th birth twenty-four hours. As usual on every birthday when i was 10, my parents bought for me a passing fancy bike. That was the best gift id ever had, but i was not suitable to receive it. At that times, a Math competition was held at my high-school, everyone in conformation had to join this event ,and the reward from my parents is the Martin bike . As a arrogant kid, I was very positive(p) about myself, and I assumed that Ill win that competition. I didnt prepare any things for that contest . authorship of cake is my moto , i endlessly say that whenever I see a math. Until the contest day I still said piece of cake in the test.Step by step, I finished my race quickly and felt very confident about the test. I remember that day, I call the computed axial tomography who sat in font of me loser because he finished his paper slower than me,and overshadowed Tu whom was bot student in class . I was such an haug hty kid. Then i paid for my arrogantly, i lost in that competition, i didnt see the bonus extra point question, so i skipped that. Finally Vinh- the loser did pricey all the questions. Standing at the 2nd which mean the Martin was still far far away from me. world on the top a long time, 2nd is unacceptable for me, and I really wanted the Martin.Id been thinking about that for few days, then I got a evil idea that my parents was always busy with their business, and they would believe anything from me. I decided blithely sacrifice future security in transform for immediate gratification. I told them that i won the contest, then got a late bike from them. Extremely super ultra awesome was not enough to describe my feeling in this moment. Id enjoyed my new stuff til that day. Life is not simple as i think, the contest result was hung . One day my parents came home with a bad mood, they just looked at me in a disappointed way, then handle me in that day.I could predict that they kn ew the truth . That was the first time i lied to them, they must be very sad . I really really wanted to talk to them in that day, but i could shame on me . Next day, i put all my bravely into my word Im sorry that all i could say, and they just smiled, and said its ok, you should be honest next time, get dressedt exchange our assent with a fancy thing . I cried after hear that . Their summon always follows me until now . Thing can buy although its very expensive , but faith is invaluable . That was how my first lair work on .

Police Influence on Society Essay Example for Free

Police beguile on Society EssayPolicing has come along way the In the United States. Resources such has vehicles, radios, and computers find made policing much more efficient. Although policing has advanced, fib of policing has had a huge impact on the current descent in the midst of African Americans and guard. Tension betwixt African Americans and guard existed throughout the history of policing and solace exists indoors policing today. Policing history is divided into the political era, reform era, and union era. The political era and the reform era of policing imbibe influenced the current kind between African Americans and police (McNamara Burns, 2009). The issues of these policing eras chip in been the foundation for the issues that continue to exist between police and African Americans in todays society.During the political area of policing, officers were looking to build a more intimate relationship with the community and politics had a huge impact on po lice practices and police departments. Law enforcement personnel who supported political leaders were rewarded for their support, this had a huge influence on who worked for the police departments and in what capacity they served (McNamara Burns, 2009). During the political era wispy officers were treated differently from white officers and were non allowed to patrol in areas that were predominately white areas. vitriolic officers were assigned to patrol in high crime areas and areas that were predominately nonage areas. As a result of this, there was less police focus and protection in areas that were hard populated by minorities (McNamara Burns, 2009) Although police departments have made huge strides to diversify police departments, difference at heart department still exists. The number of erosive police officers in 50 of the largest states has increased by 128% since 1983, however, Black officer are still underrepresented.The Black officers who are given the opportunit y to work for police departments still have to deal with overt racism from white officers. They also had to deal with assumptions from others, that they will give Black multitude a break when caught committing violating the law. Although there are a growing numbers of Black officers on police forces, it is still difficult for Black police officers to attain positions of command (The Criminology and Criminal Justice incarnate of Northern Arizona University, 2009). There are laws set in place that afford Black people equal opportunities to work on the police force and not be discriminated against in the workplace, however, this type of discrimination and racism still exists. During the reform era of policing, police relied heavily on technology. The use of vehicles and technology advances deepen policing, at the same time these advances hurt the relationship between police and communities.Officers no longer interacted with the community like they did while walking beats. During thi s era, officers focus on crime fighting (McNamara Burns, 2009). The Civil Rights movement caused a series of events that changed policing. During the reform era tension between Blacks and police officers grew as a result of Black protesters being confronted by white male police officers who had little train on how to confront protesters. Officers were in charge of dealing with anti-war and race demonstration, and the lack of African American and minorities in policing cause clashes between officers and Blacks. This compete a role in hundreds of riots that occurred between 1966 and 1971. Police were seen as the enemy and faced criticism from every(prenominal) direction (McNamara Burns, 2009).The reform era set the foundation for the current relationship between police and African Americans. This era cause tension between Blacks and the police. Because officers were not properly trained to deal with certain situations, such as protest, they resulted in using violence as a way to control the situation. This perception of police still exists in todays society within the Black communities. The perception of officer swell against Black, being racist, or using excessive force against Black is a frequent topic in todays society. The Oscar Grant case is a good example of an officer lack of training resulting in the use of excessive force. Oscar Grant was shot by a while Bart police officer. This shooting caused uproar in the community. Many people protested as a result of the shooting. The relationship between police officers and the African American community continues to be distant and filled with tension.The image that African Americans have of police officers as a result of the reform era, has been passed down from generation to generation, by the knowledge of penetrating about incidents of the past or just personal perceptions passed down from family and friends (Brunson, n.d.). Although training has been implemented into the training broadcast of officers, there are still officers who react as a result of their own biases and perceptions. And for these reason the relationship between African American and police officers will continue to be filled with tension and distrust.Policing history has had a huge impact on the current relationship between police and African Americans. Advances in technology and allowed policing to evolved into a more effective organization. However, the advancement changed the focus of policing from community relations to crime control. This changed began to draw a distance between police and Blacks. As times passed the tension between these two groups go along to grow causing an even greater distance between the two groups that continues in todays society.ReferencesBrunson, R. K. (n.d.). University of Massachusetts Lowell. Retrieved from http//faculty.uml.edu/jbyrne/44.203/police%20dont%20like%20black%20people.pdf McNamara, R., Burns, R. (2009). Multiculturalism in the Criminal Justice System. Retrieved fr om The University of genus Phoenix eBook Collection database. The Criminology and Criminal Justice bodied of Northern Arizona University, (2009). Investigating Difference Human and Cultural Relations in Criminal Justice, (2nd ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

ExxonMobil Case Essay Example for Free

ExxonMobil Case Essay1. permit a brief description of the industry. ExxonMobil has evolved over the last 125 years from a regional trafficker of kerosene in the U.S. to the worlds largest publicly traded inter discipline oil and gas confederation. Providing energy helps stimulate economies and improve living standards worldwide. Today, ExxonMobil operates in most of the worlds countries and is best known by old(prenominal) brand names Exxon, Esso and Mobil. ExxonMobil creates products that compel modern transportation, power cities, lubricate industries and provide petrochemical building blocks that contribute some consumer goods. ExxonMobil is an extremely large industry providing 9.2 million jobs, and 5.3% of the U.S. affair. The labor income is $533.5 billion, and 6.0% of U.S. labor income. ExxonMobil operates in 77 countries worldwide, and employs 82,100 employees (Exxon Mobil Corporations, 2003-2012).2. draught a recruiting and selection strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively suitable organizational requirements for operate in aggregate countries. The HRM staffing selection by ExxonMobil appears to be geocentric. A strategy that is valuable for the success of the organization because it enables the information of a international perspective. In addition, this tactic has generated an internal pool of labor. The organization has m whatever successful years of functional with governments and partners to portray on their pledge of performance. ExxonMobil focuses on integrating local knowledge and experience of its partners with global capabilities to deliver outstanding results and receiptss. ExxonMobil has a proven record of job creation, outstanding training and c arer development for national staff, support for local industry and community investment. ExxonMobil brings the advantage of established business management and support systems and go through support staff to each its partnerships.The company is org anized along functional lines, with each global company specializing in a particular sector of the oil, gas, and chemical businesses. The organizational structure is designed to encourage the employment of people with diverse skills quickly and effectively worldwide. In the selection of an expatriate, IHRM should consider cross-cultural suitability, family requirements, technological ability, and address to be primary factors. ExxonMobil takes pride in being an tolerable employment opportunity. Multinationals must resolve any issues of equal employment in all its locations. The various laws must be considered, and therefore ExxonMobil has established The Standards of cable Conduct. It is the policy of Exxon Mobil Corporation to provide equal employment opportunity in conformance with all applicable laws and regulations to individuals who are qualified to perform job requirements regardless of their race, color, sex, religion, national origin, citizenship status, age, genetic inf ormation, physical or mental disability, veteran or other legally protected status.The corporation administers its personnel policies, programs, and practices in nondiscriminatory mode in all aspects of the employment relationship, including recruitment, hiring, run for assignment, promotion, transfer, termination, wage and salary administration, and selection for training. Managers and supervisors are responsible for implementing and administering this policy, for maintaining a work environment free from unlawful discrimination, and for promptly identifying and resolving any problem area regarding equal employment opportunity. In addition the company incorporates other special policies that include develop and support educational programs, and policies that facilitate employment of minorities and women. Arrangements that help meet the needs of the diverse work force and balance work and family obligations.The company encourages training and development efforts, practices, and pro grams that support diversity in the work force that represent minorities and women. A work force is promoted free of sexual, racial, and other harassment. Accommodations for the disabled and the management responsibility in all matters are emphasized at every level or the organization. It appears ExxonMobil has adopted a formal open typology. This cultivate would promote the continued success of the organization with clearly defined criteria and measures, training, open advertising for vacancies, and panel discussions (Exxon Mobil Corporations, 2003-2012). 3. Outline a training and development strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. In order for an established organization like ExxonMobil to train and develop a qualified staff, HR management must play a critical role. Special universities should be development for ExxonMobil like McDonalds and Motorola with in-house training facilities.Th is allows for the important training and development. ExxonMobil already focuses on cultural awareness and technical ability. As HRM this training would be intensified. International teams would be developed in an effort to encourage unveiling and transfer knowledge. In addition, teams may breakdown functional and national boundaries, enhance communication, develop a global perspective, and develop shared values (Peter J. Dowling, 2010). 4.Outline a salary strategy for your selected MNE that could be used to effectively meet organizational requirements for operating in multiple countries. IHRM should recognize the correlation of compensation and performance.IHRM must ensure that the compensation policy is consistent with the overall companys policies. Compensation must also be free-enterprise(a) and provide excellent incentives. IHRM compensation strategy would include above average salaries, competitive benefits, opportunity for fiscal advancement, opportunity for career advance ment, provide assistance for any adjustment issues such as housing, family, education, daycare, and repatriation. The Balance sheet approach would compensate expatriates.This approach helps the employee maintain the living standards they are accustomed to, in addition, to providing the associate with a financial inducement. The balance sheet approach allows for personal goods (food, personal care, clothing, furniture, transportation, and health care), housing, income taxes, and reserves (which include savings, benefit payments, contributions to pensions, education expenses, investments, etc. Balance sheet approach offers several advantages that include equity facilitates re-entry, and it is easy to channel (Peter J. Dowling, 2010) .

United States Dominance After Civil War Essay Example for Free

joined States Dominance After complaisant fight EssayThe the Statesn Civil state of contend, as well known as the War Between the States was a war among the Confederate States and the mating. The Confederacy was composed of eleven states which supported slavery, while the Union was comprised of on the intact free American states and five states bordering the slave states. The American Civil War became one of the most key events that led into the payoff of the unify States into instauration dominance. The suppuration of the American ground as a beingness leader came after a series of events and wars being won. The Civil War all throughout was highlighted by the intense social, disposalal and stinting conflicts and differences between Northern and Southern States. The war commenced in about 10,000 states and much(prenominal) than 3 million American people have been mixed in it. The years between 1861 to 1865, the war has escalated between American states and r esulted to the destruction of peace and unity among fellow Americans.The war made the American nation ironically more oblivious to the concept of freedom and individual rights, given that the civil war was fought on the basis state rights and freedom in America. However, by the end of the Civil War, the American nation took the whole experience as a new birth of freedom for the people and the government. And as such, the years following the end of the Civil War marked the start of the American dominance in the international community.America After the Civil War Unification, Expansion and IndustrializationDespite the destruction, the death toll, and the chaos that the Civil War has drawn upon the American society, nonetheless, it has become as one of the focal points for universe of discourse domination for the United States. The elucidate states which used to be hostile to one another due to their differences, became a single united and buckram nationThe end of the war marked the new era of expansionism for the United States of America. Indeed, the start of the 19th blow was highlighted by the intensifying of the American expansion. Alongside Americas move to industrialize and urbanize its territory, the American exploration pushed further to the west. In 1803, Louisiana was obtained from the French government and during the period between 1816 to 1821, a innate of six states were added to the American territory. Aside from the westward expansion, in 1865 the American government also took control of eastern states.This westward and eastward expansion of the United States territory became strategically beneficial to the industrialization in the United States. And as such, the strength of the United States industrialization became one of the strongest points of the United States emergence as a world superpower. Although the industrialization in the United States before the Civil War was largely preempted and minimal due to the governmental and social conf licts of the time, the end of the war and the emergence of the new American society greatly hastened the industrial development in the United States. And despite the fact that industrialization has been an old trend in other mod countries such as England, Belgium, France, Germany and Japan, the United States transformation was more profound, developed and powerful.In addition to United States more sophisticated and impressive industrialization, the American government was able to care richly and strategically utilize its unique avail over its colonies and among those less developed and powerful countries. The American government used its sphere of influence in order to drive economic advantages and power towards them. Moreover, the United States territory, given the vastness of its newly acquired areas and colonies were greatly gift with raw natural resources that once tapped, can be used to generate a large hail of benefits and profits.The states acquired by the United States b ecame its focal points of industrialization, modernization and development. Some of these states served as main centers for finance, manufacturing and commerce. Other states were also fitted for agricultural growth and revolution in the transportation sector. In addition to these developments, the wave of immigrants between 1840 to 1860 also strengthened manpower stability in the country.As such, by the end of this period of expansionism and industrialization, the United States emerged as one of the most successful countries in the world. The American government grew extremely confident of the stability of their economic, political and military strength. In addition, the wide sphere of influence that it was able to establish became one of the assets that qualified United States as one of the strongest country in the world.Threats to American Power and LeadershipA series of American war involvement has been etched in the worlds history. And as such, each war wherein the American nat ion has took part in signified a threat against the United States dominance. The First and Second universe of discourse War, though commenced between a large gap that went for years were fought on almost same reasons. sparing imperialism, military conflicts, trade barriers, proliferation of weapons, political rivalries and balance of power were among the main cause of the first and second world wars.During these wars, the world was divided into two spheres. And of which, both wars were won distinctively by the side that the United States has taken. The triumphal emergence of the United States and its assort in these wars has further established its government as one of the strongest leaders in the world. During the Second World War in particular, the victory of the United States, the Soviet Union and their allies became the closest call to the American dominance. At the end of the Second World War, the United States and the Soviet Union emerged as two world leaders, and as such, became the pillars for balance of power.The end of the Second World War and the emergence of two dominant states resulted to another series of conflicts and hostility. After the Second World War, the Cold War commenced and a series of indirect confrontations took place between the United States and the Soviet axis of rotation. The Cold War served as a proxy war between the two states wherein instead of a direct confrontation, their allies became more involved in the war.The Cold War became the measure of stability, leadership and influence of the two world superpowers. Political political orientation became the main focus of the rivalry between the United States and the Soviet bloc. During this period, the American government was largely menace by the spread of communist ideology within the European states. As such, the antagonism between capitalist economy and communism became the root of the conflict between the two states.In addition to this antagonism, nuclear arms race, espi onage, economic rivalry and the Cuban missile crisis were among the issues that further intensified the conflict. Despite the absence of direct confrontation between the Americans and the Soviet bloc, the outcome of the Cold War still became one of the most important factor in the emergence of a lone world superpower.As such, by the end of the Cold War, the Soviet bloc disintegrated and the communist ideology became less influential. Although the American government and its allies were not successful in fully containing the communist ideology, the Soviet disintegration became a step to weaken communist states. In addition, the disintegration of the Soviet bloc marked the end of the Cold War. And the triumphant emergence of the United States in the Cold War automatically rendered the United States as the lone world superpower.United States in the Present Era pursuance the end of the Cold War and the demise of the biggest threat to United States leadership, the American government is now considered as the lone hegemonic power in the world. The establishment of international organizations such as the United Nations, World Bank, outside(a) Monetary Fund and the World Trade Center to name a few, strengthened the American bemuse on world dominance and leadership.In the present generation, the most probable threat against the American government is the current proliferation of terrorist organizations posting terrorist activities that might induce chaos and fear amongst the citizens. However, despite these threats and current economic and political dilemma experienced by the American nation, United States still stands as one of the strongest, influential and unchangeable countries in the international community.BibliographyAE Television Networks. The American Civil War. tarradiddle.com. (2008). Database on-line. uncommitted from http//www.history.com/minisites/civilwar/ (accessed October 10, 2008).American Information Resource Center. History of the United States . The United States Diplomatic Mission to Poland. (n.d). Database on-line. Available from http//www.usinfo.pl/aboutusa/history/slavery.htm (accessed October 10, 2008).Burns, Ken. The Crossroads of Our Being. The Civil War. (2002). Database on-line. Available from http//www.pbs.org/civilwar/war/ (accessed October 10, 2008).Mabry, Donald J. Triumph of Industry in the United States. Historical Text Archive. (2008). Database on-line. Available from http//historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?op=viewarticleartid=597 (accessed October 10, 2008).Nosotro, Rit. The Cold War. HyperHistory. (n.d). Database on-line. Available from http//www.hyperhistory.net/apwh/essays/big/w30coldwar.htm (accessed October 10, 2008).

Popularity of Fast Food Production Essay Example for Free

Popularity of spendthrift feed Production EssayIntroduction The popularity of prompt solid aliment deed today is a direct result of busy families. In todays society twain husband and wife usu tot entirelyyy obtain full- date c atomic number 18ers. These c atomic number 18ers take up oft of the familys time and energy. Children of these families argon ordinarily very active in many extracurricular activities much(prenominal) as, Boy Scouts, football, baseball, and basketball. With all of the practice, games, and outings, these activities consume a gr prey amount of the familys time. In this speedy paced life hatful set about it much and more convenient to grab just about nutriment on the way home than to make up a full repast for their family. Families find it more convenient to have someone else do the provision and cleaning than to take more time away from all(prenominal) other and do it themselves. Single people find it easier to pick-up some lush feed t han cook a big meal for one person. It is a want a result of the almost obvious, people these days atomic number 18 just lazier than people in our away were. A person who forgot their lunch at home is more in all likelihood to choose closely feed oer a eating place because of the embody difference. They could go to a tumultuous nutrient eating place for a couple of(prenominal)er tk. than they could go to a eating place where they would spend for one meal.Actually, it is the result of time and convenience and sometimes it is a result of the misfortunate cost. Popularity of apace Food The starting popularity of dissolute diet has brought about ruthless competition in the unfluctuating nutriment intentness. Fast aliment chains ar constantly trying to please ripening consumer drive by selling more diet at belittleder prices. In order to do so, these speedy nutriment giants continuously in incorporate in the raw efficient short letter practices which prov ide better helpings to customers resulting in bigger exchanges and vauntinglyr profit margins. In most cases, these practices are obvious.For instance, precooked burger patties, electronic computer systems, and drive-throughs were each introduced to minimize business time in turn allowing for amplificationd sales. Nevertheless, less obvious business practices have alike been implemented which most consumers fail to recognize. All together, increased unbendable viands popularity has direct to the adoption ofbusiness practices involving the careless treatment of modern day farm animals. * First of all, agile nourishment is brisk from unhealthy meat. Most animals raised as fodder for degraded foodrestaurants come from promotery farms. At each of these factory farms millions of animals live torturous lives. Fast food companies choose to purchase from these farms because they minimize all production cost and provide cheaply. * Fast Food Growth- Comparison * History Fast food is the term tending(p) to food that can be prepared and served very quickly. While any meal with low preparation time can be considered to be fast food, typically the term refers to food sold in a restaurant or store with preheated or precooked ingredients, and served to the customer in a case form for take-out/take-away.The term fast food was recognized in a dictionary by MerriamWebster in 1951. Outlets may be stands or kiosks, which may provide no shelter or seating,1 or fast food restaurants ( too kn sustain as quick service restaurants). Franchise operations which are part of restaurant chains have standardized foodstuffs shipped to each restaurant from central locations. he concept of ready-cooked food for sale is closely connected with urban development. In Ancient Rome cities had street stands that sold bread, sausages and wine. Pre-modern Europe.In the cities of papistic antiquity, much of the urban population living in insulae, multi-storey apartment blocks, depen ded on food vendors for much of their meals. In the mornings, bread soaked in wine was eaten as a quick snack and cooked vegetables and stews later in the day at a popina, a simple type of eating establishment. In the Middle Ages, blown-up towns and major urban areas such as London and Paris supported numerous vendors that sold dishes such as pies, pasties, flans, waffles, wafers, pancakes and cooked meats.As in Roman cities during antiquity, many of these establishments catered to those who did not have government agency to cook their own food, particularly single households. Unlike richer town dwellers, many often could not afford housing with kitchen facilities and and so relied on fast food. Travellers, as well, such as pilgrims en route to a holy site, were among the customers. united Kingdom In areas which had access to coastal or tidal waters, fast food would frequently overwhelm local shellfish or seafood, such as oysters or, as in London, eels. Often this seafood would be cooked straightaway on the quay or close by.The development of t stingingler fishing in the mid nineteenth blow would lead to the development of a British favourite fish and chips, and the first stag in 1860. A blue plaque at Oldhams Tommyfield Market marks the origin of the fish and chip shop and fast food industries in Britain. After World War II, turkey has been used more frequently in fast food. As well as its native cuisine, the UK has adopted fast food from other cultures, such as pizza, Chinese noodles, kebab, and curry. More recently healthier alternatives to conventional fast food have likewise emerged. United States.As automobiles became popular and more affordable following the First World War, drive-in restaurants were introduced. The American company smock Castle, founded by Billy Ingram and Walter Anderson in Wichita, Kansas in 1921, is generally credited with opening the entropy fast food issue and first hamburger chain, selling hamburgers for five cents e ach. Walter Anderson had built the first White Castle restaurant in Wichita in 1916, introducing the limited menu, high volume, low cost, high speed hamburger restaurant. Among its innovations, the company allowed customers to see the food beingness prepared.White Castle was successful from its inception and spawned numerous competitors. Franchising was introduced in 1921 by AW Root Beer, which franchised its distinctive syrup. Howard Johnsons first franchised the restaurant concept in the mid-1930s, formally standardizing menus, signage and advertising. The United States has the largest fast food constancy in the world, and American fast food restaurants are determined in over 100 countries. Approximately 2 million U. S. workers are employed in the areas of food preparation and food servicing including fast food in the USA.FAST FOOD INDUSTRY IN BANGLADESHFast food culture was started in the early nineties. In Bangladesh it has mainly geared towards the younger end of the market and the employees of the corporate sector. The fast food culture in Bangladesh has taken the country by storm. The first fast food shop started its business in the Bailey passageway of capital of Bangladesh. After that, a turn of steadyts of fast food shops started to grow exponentially in different places of the Dhaka metropolis. Local entrepreneurs are leaders in pioneering the fast food perseverance of Bangladesh. New labels i. e. Swiss, Helvetia and so on are to frame of some Bangladeshi fast food shops create in franchising system.In early 2000, Bangladesh experienced the entry of the first international stigma of fast food franchise in the country. pizza pie Hut and KFC entered into Bangladeshi market having franchise with Transom Foods Limited (TFL). both pizza pie Hut and KFC are subsidiaries of the worlds largest restaurant company Yum Restaurants International. TFL has opened three Pizza Huts and three KFC volcanos in Bangladesh in a span of five years. Pizza H ut opened its flagship restaurant in 2003 at Dhaka. following its grand success in Dhaka, the Chittagong outlet was opened in 2005. The deuce-ace Pizza Hut restaurant was launched in Dhaka in 2008.Meanwhile, Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) perceived as high- property fast food in a popular array of complete meals to enrich the consumers passing(a) life. TFL successfully launched the flagship KFC in 2006 and gained attention of the people with its taste, high standard of hygiene, cleanliness, interior attractiveness, affordable pricing and so on Following its enormous success in Dhaka, the second and third outlets were opened in 2008. - Globalization In 2006, the global fast food market grew by 4. 8% and reached a prize of 102. 4 one million million and a volume of 80.3 billion transactions. In India alone the fast food industry is exploitation by 41% a year. McDonalds is located in 126 countries and on 6 continents and operates over 31,000 restaurants worldwide. 20 On January 31, 1990 McDonalds opened a restaurant in Moscow, and broke opening day records for customers served. The Moscow restaurant is the busiest in the world. The largest McDonalds in the world is located in Orlando, Florida,USA21 in that respect are numerous other fast food restaurants located all over the world. Burger King has more than 11,100 restaurants in more than 65 countries.22 KFC is located in 25 countries. 23 Subway is one of the fastest growing franchises in the world with approximately 39,129 restaurants in 90 countries as of May 2009,24 the first non-US location opening in December 1984 in Bahrain. 25 Pizza Hut is located in 97 countries, with 100 locations in China. 26 Taco Bell has 278 restaurants located in 14 countries besides the United States. 27 Current Market Size Economists at the National Restaurant intimacy estimated total foodservice sales for 2011 at ? 313 billion, representing a 5 part increase over 2010. That means consumers played out an average of ?855 mill ion per day on food away from home. According to the National Restaurant Associations Foodservice patience Forecast, fast food comprised the largest share of this market, capturing 47. 8 percent of the Takas worn-out(a). The tarradiddle attri besideses this success to fast foods ability to project consumers desire for value and convenience. It was further estimated that at least 64 percent of all fast food purchases were consumed off-premises. According to Technomic, Inc. , a food industry consulting firm, almost half of consumer food Takas are spent on meals prepared away from home.In addition, food expenditures rise significantly as income increases according to the authorization of task Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey Data. Industry Trends This significant trend of consumers purchasing prepared meals is so pervasive that the foodservice industry has coined a newly term to describe it home-meal replacement. galore(postnominal) businesses are shifting their focus to meet the growing demands of consumers * Most supermarkets now include a deli, bakery, and a prepared-foods section. Also, many unfold fast-food service. * Boston Market has continue to poke out its product lines and market share.* Famous chefs, such as Wolfgang Puck, are offering high-end prepared meals in upscale supermarkets. * Fast-food chains such as KFC, Pizza Hut and Taco Bell have create alliances to offer dual product lines under one roof. There are alike some(prenominal) frugal and cultural trends that have contributed to this growing demand * Increasing number of women in the workforce * Increasing number of woman-owned businesses * Growing number of higher-income households * Americans working prospicienter hours * Decreasing amount of leisure time * Premium determined on convenience * Trend toward purchasing ain services (i.e. , personal-trainers, house-cleaning services, home shop services).According to Foodservice Solutions, a hospitality consulting firm Ho me-meal replacement is not a luxury today its a necessity. People dont necessity to take the time to cook they have too many other things to do. People want high-quality prepackaged foods to make life easier. Entrepreneur Magazine selected Personal Chef Services as one of the top service businesses to start today Convenience-craving consumers are always looking for a way to do things better, faster and cheaper.Often, that means turning to a specialty-services entrepreneur who knows how to get the job done right. Those with culinary competence can likely find a hungry clientele among the ranks of Americas busy working families. Growth Potential of the Market base on the National Restaurant Associations Foodservice Industry Forecast, the percentage of food Takas spent away from home has gravid from 25 percent in 1955 to 50 percent today. More chief(prenominal)ly, the proportion of the food budget spent on meals away from home increases significantly as income increases. Househ olds with incomes of ?70,000 spent 81 percent more per capita (? 1,278 per person) on food away from home than the average income-reporting household (? 705 per person) according to the Consumer Expenditure Survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Also contributing to the potential harvest-tide in the market is the rise in feeder households documented by the Current Population Survey from the Bureau of the Census. From 1990 to 1994 the number of households earning ? 50,000 to ? 74,999 increased by 16. 4 percent households earning ? 75,000 to ? 99,999 increased 36. 1 percent and households earning ? 100,000 or more increased by 61.1 percent in the like period. complete Households Gaining Ground Change in Number of Households Household Income Increase (Decrease) in Number of Households Percent Change Less than ? 35,000 (1,638,000) -3. 0% ?35,000 to ? 49,999 (331,000) -2. 0% ?50,000 to ? 74,999 2,310,000 +16. 4% ?75,000 to ? 99,000 1,841,000 +36. 1% ?100,000 or more 2,4 96,000 +61. 1% Total 4,479,000 +5. 0% Source Bureau of the Census A personal chef service is uniquely positioned to take advantage of the increasing demand for fast food, growing health concerns, and the rise in high-income households.Affluent working couples want fast food, but they want it upscale, healthy, and convenient. The founders of Truly Unique Personal Chef Service report that their business has grown 10 to 15 percent every year since opening in 1992. Many of their clients said they were getting bored with going out to restaurants and wanted something different. Customer Profile Creative cuisines butt end customer go away be families with two working, professional parents who are too busy to cook every night but are fed up with takeout and restaurant food.Their specific demographics are as follows Household Income Over ? 100,000 Age 35 to 55 Education College stage and/or advanced degree Marital Status Married couples or high income single Job Professional status (one or both partners) Children Preferably ages 7 to 18 Homeowners Preferably Location Live in neighborhoods with high dumbness of affluent families Customer Benefits Here are just a few of the benefits to customers if they hire Creative Cuisine * 6 hours per week more free time (1 hour per day cooking/acquiring meal plus 1 hour per week grocery shopping) * Very convenient.* Meals customized to personal tastes * More variety * wellness and nutrition benefits * Less stress * Client feels pampered * It makes life easier * Dont have to cook * Less grocery shopping * Minimal kitchen clean-up * Peace of mind The Competition There are a handful of other personal chef services in the metropolitan area however, since this is still a new business concept, there rest a large untapped market. Most competition for home-meal replacement exists from neighborhood restaurants, upscale fast-food outlets and supermarket prepared meals.Following is a competitive analysis of the various meal replacement a lternatives Fast Food Industry in 2012 at a Glance It is no secret Americans love fast food. And its not just us The Golden Arches have spread across the globe, and emerging markets are one of the fastest growing areas in the industry. But the fast food industry is not without its challenges, particularly in the United States. From rising food cost, economic recession and changing perceptions about health, many fast food franchises have been feeling some heat.But sort of than flee from this challenge, the fast food industry has been adopting new practices and offering new products. novel society is on the go, and there is plenty of demand for a quick bite at all times of the day. Fast food franchising opportunities exist in the traditional spaces like burgers and pizza, but are besides sprouting up in healthy and unique ways as well. The Industry The fast food industry, also known as Quick Service Restaurants (QSR), has been serving up tasty morsels for as long as people have li ved in cities.The modern system of fast food franchising is believed to have started in the mid 1930s when Howard Johnson franchised his second location to a friend as a means to expand operations during the Great Depression. And oh how it has grown As cars became commonplace, the drive-thru concept brought explosive growth to the idea of food-on-the go. Fast Food was added to the Merrion-Webster dictionary in 1951 and U. S. fast food companies are now franchised in over 100 countries. In the U. S. alone there are over 200,000 restaurant locations Revenue has grown from $6 billion in 1970 to $160 billion coating year, an 8.6% annualized rate. Fast food franchises focus on high volume, low cost and high speed product. Frequently food is preheated or precooked and served to-go, though many locations also offer seating for on-site consumption. For stands, kiosks or sit-down locations, food is standardized and shipped from central locations. Consumers enjoy being able to get a familiar meal in each location, and menus and marketing are the same in every location. Whats Been Going Wrong? There have been challenges for the fast food industry in recent years that have been pressuring profit margins.The industry as a whole has turn out robust enough to withstand these challenges, though some players have done better than others. Over the last decade there has been increased focus on the quality of food served in fast food restaurants. Typically highly processed and industrial in preparation, much of the food is high in exposit and has been shown to increase body mass index (BMI) and cause weight gain. Popular books such as Fast Food Nation and documentaries like Super Size Me have increased public awareness of the disconfirming health consequences of fast food.Fast food companies have responded by adopting healthier choices and have had some standard of success, but the shadow of bad press still hangs over the industry. Rising trade good prices have also signifi cantly crunched many fast food franchises. With food and beverage inputs making up approximately 33% of cost, higher prices for livestock, corn, wheat and more have seriously shrunk margins over the past decade. In such a fiercely competitive space it is impossible to force a price increase on customers, so profit margins are often south of 10%.The recent economic recession did lower commodity prices, but the recession brought on its own complications, and now prices for commodity inputs are on the rise again. Fast food had been thought to be largely recession proof, and indeed the industry did not suffer nearly as much as other discretionary spending sectors. In fact, there was some increase in consumer visits as people choose cheaper fast food options over fast casual or traditional restaurant choices. But overall, the recession hurt spending, and consumers overall purchased less with each trip. Fast food franchises fared reasonably well but still felt some pain.Market saturation is also a relevant issue in the fast food industry today, at least in the U. S. There is a McDonald franchise is in almost every town, and it usually sits in a row with several competitors. With so many competitors which offer alike(p) products there are fewer customers per location. Increasingly fast food restaurants are also losing market share to fast casual, a relative newcomer in the restaurant space. Where do we Go from Here? Busy citizens still need quick meal options, and fast food restaurants are fighting these challenges with gusto.Now offering healthy choices to battle the stigma of unhealthy food, some quick service restaurants now focus on fresh or organic products. From franchises focused solely on salads or healthy wraps to the lower calorie options offered at traditional burger franchises such as Wendys or McDonalds, consumers are able to make better choicesif they want Fast food franchises are also guidance on expanding into new product lines, such as the coffee i nitiative in the McCafe. Intended to offer competition to Startbucks, McDonalds is luring customers back into their stores, hoping they will purchase food as well.Many franchises have been exploring other meal times such as breakfast and the mid-afternoon snack for growth opportunities and to increase real estate utilization. The industry is most effectively battling saturation in spite of appearance the United States by creating a much more versatile range of offerings. Sure, there is a McDonalds in every town, but there are very few crepe franchisesyet From new cultural cuisines to fresh takes on a traditional story, there are many moretypes of quick service restaurants than ever before. The fast food industry is still a large and diverse industry with plenty of luck.As one would hope, challenge is being answered with innovation, and fast food franchises are responding with new offerings, pricing and strategies to lure consumers back in. Non-traditional fast food franchises are springing up and gaining traction, and more creativeness will always be welcome Consumers are now on the look-out for new ways to eat fast and healthy. And as the industry continues to evolve and the economy strengthens, fast food franchise profitability will continue to grow. Porters five forces industry analysis for Krispy Kreme Saturday, January 29th, 2011 at 900 am.What is Porters Five Forces? Well I doubt there is any need to explain one of the most famous strategic tools around but just in case, it is a tool to analyse the outer industry to find the root causes of profitability. Again seeing an example is useful and below is a five forces analysis of Krispy Kreme. Rivalry among existing competitors (High +++) * High concentration of rivals e. g. Starbucks and local chains * Static market growth * High fixed costs * Perishable products (food and drink) A large number of competitors in the industry are all competing for the same customers.Coffee chains (e. g. Costa, Starbucks) are all competing to be number one in the market and have similar corporate goals. While product differentiation is limited, there is fierce differentiation by product range, brand and store ambience (e. g. seating). There are zero switching costs for customers, which promotes price wars. Market growth is static, which promotes fierce fighting for market share, and there is saturation of competition cod to the limited number of prime locations available for outlets. Smaller chains have to pay a indemnity for prime sites or settle for less desirable locations.Threat of new entrants (Medium +) * hulking capital requirements requisite to build chain of stores * Favourable locations are already occupied * Economies of scale in distribution and raw ingredients (lower per unit costs due to the experience curve) * Product and brand differentiation Capital requirements for individual stores are low, however new entrants wishing to compete on a like basis with national store networks, distribution channels, brand equity development and advertising, face large capital requirements to gain market share.This is reflected in the large number of individual outlets compared with the small number of large, proven top specialty eateries. The UK commercial blank space market is landlord-driven and controlled premium locations in the UK are scarce and command high prices with most of the favourable locations within town centres, airports and train stations already being occupied by existing competitors. Threat of substitutes (Medium +) * Large choice of alternatives with similar products e. g. energy drinks, cakes, biscuits, ice-cream, chocolate * No switching costs.Although a consumer can choose from multiple substitutes (e. g. desserts, pastries or drinks), lastingness eateries compete based on convenience and opportunity. Most people buy from speciality eateries when travelling, shopping or meeting people. This is evidenced by the location of the eateries, which is co ncentrated around high stride locations such as train stations, business districts and shopping centres. For a consumer this becomes a competitive choice rather than a substitute choice (e. g. do I buy a coffee from Starbucks or Costa).former(a) substitutes come from full menu eateries such as restaurants and fast-food outlets with a smaller threat from supermarkets. Bargaining fountain of suppliers (Low) * Vertically integrated businesses with only commoditised raw ingredients * Large number of suppliers to choose from and low switching costs Bargaining power of buyers (Low) * Buyers are fragmented and numerous * Although there are no switching costs for the buyer the food and drink market is part of the fabric of society Conclusions and Recommendations.Fast food consumers of Bangladesh, especially the university students, considered brand reputation as the most important factor when choosing fast foods followed by nearness and accessibility, simile in taste, cost and quality k inship, discount and taste, clean and hygiene, salesmanship and decoration, fat and cholesterol, and self-service. The recent upset in the fast food industry of Bangladesh was created by the discovery of unethical practices conducted by several fast food businesses resulted in consumers putting their trusts on renowned fast food brands only.Thereby it is seen that the fast food houses with reputed brand name and recognition i. e. KFC, BFC, Pizza Hut, Coopers etc. are carrying out their businesses in a usual manner even in the toughest time of the industry. The majority of the fast food brands that passed with flying colors during the mobile courts inspection for quality maintenance were able to either establish or revitalize their brand reputation. Eventually as suggested by the research findings, the university students will select such fast food brands that have brand reputation.Besides the brand reputation, the other important factors were nearness and accessibility, similar tast e of fast food, cost and quality relationship, discount and taste. In case of nearness or proximity and accessibility factor, consumers prefer to go to the fast food outlets that are close from their own home or think over institutions. It is seen that the fast food shops in Bangladesh has already considering the factors by establishing their outlets near big corporate houses and private universities. Especially, in Dhaka city this practice is seen in Bailey road where majority of fast food shops are located.Near Bailey road, there are 3 girls school and collages, and 3 boys school and 2 collages in walking distance. Almost similar situation prevails in Gulshan, Banani area of the city where KFC and Pizza Hut outlets are situated near 3 private universities. It is understandable from the situation that the students poring over at these institutions consider these nearby fast food outlets whenever they decide to consume fast foods. There is an opportunity here however, for new fast food shops to compete with the existing fast food outlets.Since establishing a new outlet in an already competitive business space is expensive and difficult, the new fast food businesses can introduce mobile fast food outlets. Through mobile fast food outlets, new fast food businesses can deliver their fast foods that are already cooked fresh in their shops, but kept hot and delivered to the students instantly with their own choice of accompanying taste enhancers i. e. tomato sauce, cheese etc. These mobile fast food outlets could be on top of a mini-truck, van etc.The similar taste of the fast food factor refers to the fact that no matter which fast food outlet a particular fast food item is bought from, the taste should be similar. For example, if a chicken burger is bought from an outlet of KFC, the taste would be similar to any other chicken burger bought from any other KFC outlet. The taste could differ from other fast food shops as the different business use taste as differe ntiating factor in case of food items. But the businesses have to keep in mind that too much difference in taste of similar fast food items makes the consumers confused.The cost and quality relationship is also an important factor considered by the consumers of fast food. If the cost of a fast food item is high, it is usually considered to be carrying high quality and vice versa. So, the businesses of fast food products have to be careful in setting the prices of the fast food items. The pricing should be such as it offers the right amount to value to the consumers in a competitive price that at the same time ensures adequate profit margins for the fast food businesses. Finally in terms of discount and taste factor, the consumers consider the availability of discounts in fast food outlets.Usually these discounts are offered as group discounts i. e. arranging a party or affable gathering at a reduced price package etc. Consumers consider this option when choosing fast food products. They might not immediately use this factor but it puts the fast food shop in their consideration set for later use. This study recommends that the fast food producers or distributors at Dhaka city should focus more on the brand reputation, nearness or proximity and accessibility, cost, quality, discount, and similarity in taste factors.If they are able to fulfill these needs, university students of Bangladesh will be induced to buy and consume fast food whenever they are out of their houses. However, there is an ample scope to conduct further study on the preference factors used by the office-goers, housewives, and visitors in buying fast food to determine if there are any more common or unique factors prevailing among these different groups that might be important in making decisions regarding the choice of fast food items in Bangladesh. Abstract.Fast food industry is a high growing sector of Bangladesh. It is concerned with the tastes and habits of the people. The food-taking hab it especially in fast food segment has been changing very fast over last decade among the people of Dhaka the capital city of Bangladesh. The reasons could be attributed by the increase of awareness, growth of education, development of information technology, and expansion of television channels and marker media in Bangladesh. Hence, this paper aims at identifying the preference factors of fast food consumers living in Dhaka city.This study was conducted among the university students who usually eat fast food at their leisure time. To conduct the study, a total of 250 respondents were interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used in analyzing the data. Multivariate analysis technique like factor analysis was performed to identify the preference factors of the fast food student-consumers of Bangladesh. Multiple regressions were run to identify the relationship between the factors identified and the overall preference of the consu mers.Results show that the consumers give most importance on brand reputation of the food item followed by nearness to receive and accessibility, similarity of taste with previous experience, cost and quality of the food, discount and taste, cleanliness and hygiene, salesmanship and decoration, fat and cholesterol level, and self-service factors. This study suggests that the brand reputation, nearness and accessibility, similarity in taste, and cost and quality relationship should be emphasized to improve the attraction of the university students towards the fast food items in Bangladesh.