Social Support for Subjective well-being of Prisoners

friendly defend for intrinsic benefit of PrisonersTHE DIFFERENT ROLES OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FOR SUBJECTIVE WELL world PRISONERS MEN AND WOMEN IN THE CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTIONS CLAS II.A YOGYAKARTAAbstractIn order to line up a pattern form of focal point for prisoners, workforce and wo hands, as mandated by Republic Act 1995, Article 14, paragraph 1 12 on the rights of prisoners, and withal in accordance with the principles of the UN General meeting Resolution 43/173 on dated December 9, 1988, for the protection of all persons, including those in the correctional Institution, then the coaching program at the correctional Institution in hands and women inmates to be distinguished. It is important to know how much the quality of loving subscribe to on the aim of native salutary Being (SWB) men and women inmates. Subjects of this fill amounted to 93 inmates from the Correctional Institution socio-economic class II.A Yogyakarta, which consisted of 70 men and 23 women. Measur ing tool used to uncover SWB, that uses Satisfaction With stirred state Scale (SWLS) of Dieneret al. (1985), and brotherly corroboration Scale were aspects of it refers to the opinion of Safiro (2000). The method of entropy psychoanalysis, this look into victimization t-test analysis techniques and product heartbeat correlation. From the results of enquiry croup be concluded that (1) the billet of loving validate on SWB level of 8.82% to the overall male and feminine overthrows, 12.96% in male subjects, and by 2.1% in female subjects (2) On the substantial subject of men and women, thither atomic number 18 three movers that affect the level of favorable take over SWB signifi stooltly, ie ablaze indorse, Informational lose and relief Social cyberspace (3) There is no end in the level of loving have a bun in the oven and SWB in male and female subjects.Keywords Subjective Well Being (SWB), Social Support, Men and Women InmatesIntroductionThe justness No. 1 2 1995 Article 1, paragraph 2, about the rights of prisoners, and the principles of the UN General Assembly Resolution 43/173 on December 9, 1988, mandated to protect all great deal, including those in Correctional Institution, and required their efforts to improve the quality of manners of the inmates in the correctional system, so that when they are back to mingle with the public, they will be sufficient to show the characteristics of individuals who prepare high quality of life-time. According to Cummings (1997), individuals who wear a high quality of life will feel their immanent well- being (Subjective Well-being is abbreviated as SWB). SWB is ones judgment about his life, that he is more satisfied and happier, although he still has a bit of unhappiness, so that this condition is indicated by higher feeling of happiness compared to the feeling of unhappiness, and verbalised by the satisfaction of his life (Diener in Philips, 2008). As an effort to gain criminal implemen tation that is effective and efficient so the inmates can have high quality of life, The Penitentiary can divide its development by category, based on age or agitate (Harsono 1995). It is also in accordance with the set in Constitution no12 in 1995 about Correctional article(12) paragraph (1), that in order to provide guidance to inmates in prisons, compartmentalisation is conducted based on age, sex, length of punishment, type of crime, and some other criteria which suits the claims and development. Although women is agnize to have psychological deprivations which are different than men, prisons family line IIA in Yogyakarta do not specialize them as prisons for certain sex, so men and women are all in the prison environment, although they are put in a separate place. Because of the special needs of women and men are different, it is requisite to know whether there are SWB inconsistencys between the two sexes, as the hind end for the design of male and female inmates deve lopment program.From research of Sahrah et al., (2011, 2013) to the inmates in prisons of class IIA Yogyakarta, stated that the actors of religiosity, self-confidence, the meaningfulness of life, emotional maturity, companionable living, perception of the physical condition of the environment, and the get by strategies are the factors that affect SWB inmates. It is also concluded that among the seven factors, meaningfulness of life, self-esteem, and social support are the factors that are very significant to inmatesSWB. Factors of meaningfulness of life and self-confidence are individual factors, while social support factors are contextual factors that for the most part can be manipulated structurally by the prisons as the institution prudent for training during the serving time. Hence, it is needed to know how big the government agency of social support on the level of subjective well-being of the men and women prisoners.Subjective Well Being Men and Women PrisonersInmates a re convicts serving the criminal who doomed independence in Prisons (Law No 12 Th. 1995 ps.1 paragraph 7). Convicted person is a person convicted by a court decision that has permanent profound power (Indonesian Lawyear. 1995 Ps 1, paragraph 6). According to Rahardjo (1996) to treat inmates, necessary mental home of the correctional system that guarantees the rights of prisoners is certainly needed. To view the success or mishap of the development patterns conducted by the officers (walinapi) to inmates, it can be seen whether the officers actually pay circumspection to the rights of prisoners or not, though, in this case prisoners should also be aware of the obligations that must(prenominal) be fulfilled.Associated with SWB, various studies that have been done by UMBY (University of MercuBuana Yogyakarta) show that there are problems related to subjective well-being of prisoners. This is reinforced by the results of research Indiyah (2001) that there are seven unfulfilled need s in inmates, they are, the need to get a sense of security, the need of conform, the need to deepen the religion, the need to make life more meaningful, needs to boost confidence, the need to compass additional knowledge, and need to be received by the community and the family afterward the completion of the criminal. Research conducted by Iswandari and Indiyah (2007) showed that inmates have problems with social adjustment. Further research and Lailatushifah Lestari (2008) also found that inmates susceptible to depression.From the research findings, it shows an indication towards a funky Subjective Welfare on inmates. Subjective well-being is an individual military rank of a situation or a longer period of his life, including his past. The valuation covers the emotional reaction to a situation, mood and assessment of the inmates life, fulfillment, and satisfaction with spousal and work (Diener, et al., 2003). Moreover, Philips (2008) states that SWB is more complex than just happiness.Factors that influence SWB are the factor of religiosity, confidence, emotional maturity, the meaningfulness of life, social support, physical environment (Kin Nesselroade, 2003), coping strategies (Philips 2008), destination propose (Sahrah, 2014b), the strategy of collaborative conflict resolution (Sahrah, 2014a). The social support factor is a factor that is proven to be directly related and positively related and significantly associated with SWB in addition to the meaningfulness of life (Sahrah, et al., 2011, 2013). In this study, it is realized that there are possible differences of the inmate needs of men and women, therefore, this study is focused on the SWB of the inmates in terms of sex and their perceptions of social support given by the walinapi as prisons officer who is responsible to provide guidance to inmates.Social Support of theWalinapi tushson Johnson (2000) suggest that social support is the exchange of resources with a view to improve the welfare and exisence of others who can be asked for help, boost, acceptance, and attention, and when experiencing difficulties. Social support can be defined as a sense of acceptance, care, gustatory sensation or assistance received by a person from another person or group (Sarafino, 2004).Cohen and Mc Kay Wills (1984) distinguishes five types of social support, videlicet (1) Emotional Support. In this aspect, it includes the expression of empathy, concern, and attention to the person concerned. This support requires the cookery of a sense of comfort, peace of heart, and feeling loved for someone who has it. (2) Support of award. This aspect is going through a positive appreciation for the individuals concerned, encouragement or approval with ideas or feelings of the individual and the individual positive analogy with others. (3) Instrumentalsupport. These aspects include direct assistance to the form of services, time, and money. (4) Support for information. This aspect includes tole rant advice, instructions, advice, information, and feedback. (5) Support for social networks. These aspects include the feeling of membership in a group. Social networking support is a sense of membership in a group, sharing the fun and social activities.Research MethodsThe independent variables are the Social Support and sex while the dependent variable is Subjective Well Being (SWB). The subjects of this study are 93 prisoners, consisting of 70 men and 23 women. The Selection of the research subject is done by using goal-directed random sampling method. The characteristics of the study subjects are (1) Convict Prison Class IIA Yogyakarta (2) Minimum term punishment of three years (3) Minimum bringing up of elementary school, and can read and write well.The methods of data collection is using a outdo, which includes the Scale to smash SWB Prisoners and Social Support Scale. The scale to reveal SWB of the inmates using SWLS scale of life satisfaction from Diener et al. (1985), b ased on the scale of the life satisfaction measured by the cognitive component of life satisfaction, and the scale is expect to produce a statement that is integrated on how a persons life runs. The rials can shows that the validity of the total valid situation (with a range between a coefficient of 0494-0688) is reliable (coefficient Alpha Conbrach of 0819). The Social Support Scale consists of 50 items. After the trial, it shows that the total item os the coefficient which is corrected is ranged between 0.275 to 0.713 and Cronbach alpha reliability coefficient of 0,959.The method of data analysis used in this research is the analysis of independent samples t-test, and the product moment correlation. add-in Model SummaryMode lRR even upAdjusted R SquareStd. erroneousness of the Estimate1,340a,116,0965,75628a. Predictors (Constant), SS_TOT, SEXResults and ConclusionsThe study subjects was as many as 93 people consisting of 70 people (75.3%) males and 23 (24.7%) were females when viewed from the command level owned by inmates, the majority of inmates have a junior high school education (29%) and high school (45.2%), other elementary educational level, Diplomas, undergraduate and grasp degree. Each education level is still no more than 10%.Table 1 CoefficientaSubjectNCoeffCoeff SquareSig.Male70.360.1296.001Female23.145.0210.254MaleFem ale93.297.0882.002a. Dependent Variable SWBb. Predictors (Constant), Social Support (SS_TOT)From Table 1, it can be concluded that the role of the Social Support SWB level of 8.82% to the overall male and female subjects, whereas in male subjects solely amounted to 12.96%, and the female subjects only by 2.1%. However, the percentage difference in the role of social support to SWB in men and women when they are examined again can not be proven significantly. This can be seen by the gender variable in predicting SWB social support, as shown in Table 2, Table 3 and Table 4. In the third give in, it can be seen that the role of gender and Social Support together in predicting SWB amounted to 11.6% (on a regress coefficient of .340, p 0.05) in predicting SWB.Table 3ANOVAaModelSum of SquaresdfMean SquareFSig.Regression389,4892194,7455,877,004b1Residual2982,1249033,135 inwardness3371,61392Dependent Variable SWBPredictors (Constant), SS_TOT, SEXThe insignificant sexedifference in predicting SWB, is also the evidence from calculations using independent sample t-test, that there is no difference in men and women in terms of their perceptions of social acceptance of support from the walinapi, and no difference of SWB in male and female subjects ( see table 5).Table 4 CoefficientsaModelUnstandardized CoefficientsStandardized CoefficientstSig.BStd. ErrorBeta(Constant)6,8064,0831,667,0991SEX 2,3001,383-,165 1,663,100SS_TOT,050,017,2983,005,003a. Dependent Variable SWBTable 5 Social support difference SWBbased on SEXSEXNMeanStd.DeviationStd. Error Meant-testpSS_TOT1,0070220,214334,919324,17366-,040. ,9682,0023220, 565240,415828,42728SWB1,007015,50006,03552,721381,582.1172,002313,21745,908061,23192If the views of the role of each factor of the social support component of the SWB on the entire male and female subjects, it can be concluded that there are three factors that affect the level of social support SWB significantly (p CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONSConclusionFrom the results of research, it can be concluded that (1) the role of social support on SWB level of 8.82% to the overall male and female subjects, 12.96% in male subjects, and by 2.1% in female subjects (2) On the wholeTable 6 The correlation of social support components withSWBSSS_EmoS_ExpS_InfoS_InstS_NetSWLSPearson correlation coefficient,297**,267**,173,193,321**,346**Sig. (2-tailed),004,010,097,064,002,001N939393939393**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). SS Social Support S_Emo Emotional Support S_Exp Expectation Support S_Info Information Support S_Inst Instrumental Support S_Net SocialNetwork Suppor t.subject of men and women, there are three factors that affect the level of social support SWB significantly, ie emotional support, Informational Support and Support Social Network (3) There is no difference in the level of social support and SWB in male and female subjects.SuggestionAlthough this study can not prove the existence of differences in social support and SWB by sex inmates, the Correctional Institution Class II A Wirogunan is expected to go forward increasing the levels of walinapis ability to perform basic social support for prisoners, because it proves that the furnish of social support can improve SWB of the inmates. 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