Educating Rita by Willy Russell :: English Literature

Educating Rita Educating Rita is a story written by Willy Russell. He was born in Whiston, which is just outside Liverpool. When he was five his mum and dad moved to Knowsley, on an estate full of Liverpudlians who taught him how to talk properly. It is about two main characters Rita and Frank. Rita is a literature student at the Open University. This is a university that is used as a way of enabling adult students, like Rita. Frank is a tutor at the Open University but unlike the normal upper class tutors frank is a normal scruffy old man, this shocks Rita. Rita wanted to study and learn here, and so the fear and pressure from her friends made her join in with the others around her. She didn't want to become different from her family and friends, nor those around her, and so blocked the thought that she wanted more from her life: "I'd just play another record or buy another dress an' stop worryin" She put this off because of the peer pressure from the other working class people, she didn't want to be different and upset them so went along with their assumptions of women as low, and this put her off for a while. Rita sees the middle class as totally different from herself, and although doesn't want to be working class, doesn't feel she will be accepted as middle class either. She has the idea that all middle class individuals are free, and stereotypes, making sweeping generalisations. She assumes they all eat wholemeal bread, flora, and watch the BBC, as this is seen as more intellectually stimulating than ITV, the channel that many of the working class watch. This shows that she stereotypes certain groups of people from what she has heard, instead of her own views, she doesn't wait to get to know them before judging. As Rita believes herself to be sophisticated and well read, she has named herself after an author. Her real name is Susan, but Rita Mae Brown is a pornographic author, and as Rita likes her books, she laughably adopts her name and believes she is making herself seem more sophisticated, once again showing her complete misunderstanding that sexually explicit novels are classified as good literature. Such an action again indicates her naive outlook and lack of literary awareness at the beginning of the play. There are many themes during the play, change is probably the most important as it shows how an individual can develop and learn in both positive and negative ways, the play indicates the protagonist changing from one extreme to the other, eventually discovering a happy

Alternative fuel for cars – Research Proposal

This research proposal is written for proposing further research on the suitable and economically sustainable alternative fuel for cars. This study was taken as need of hour to reduce the cost towards oil imports and control pollution, which if not controlled now, will lead to worst Global Warming. Basically this proposal is based on the current and projected car population. To be sustainable and economical, the researcher has taken the study envisaging on the car market. The cars are major attributors to emission. Since car population density is directly proportional to the human population density, there will be more harm to the people.Car population and projections Number of cars in the developing world will increase 300% between 1995 and 2020. The growth in automobile population is growing at slightly less than twice the rate of the human population in North America and Western Europe. The growth of cars in developing countries is proliferating due to economic boom. There have be en no oil field discoveries since 1988 and there will be a global decline in oil production within 15 to 20 years. It is projected that by 2020 there will be well over 1. 1 billion motor vehicles (cars) in the world. Riley, R (2006).World car population. Retrieved April 7, 2008, Web site: http://www. rqriley. com/sld002. htm There were 200 million cars in 1970 and 500 million cars in 1990. During 1997 there were 600 million cars and by 2027 the projection is double the figure of 1997 data. Elert, G (2003). Number of cars. Retrieved April 7, 2008, Web site: http://hypertextbook. com/facts/2001/MarinaStasenko. shtml Current Global warming and its effect and projection CO2 had varied only about 5 percent from the last ice age (10,000 years ago) to the industrial revolution year in the last century.The CO2 level in atmosphere from the industrial revolution year to 2030 is estimated to be doubled. That means within 150 years, the CO2 level in atmosphere will be doubled. Main reason and o ne of the biggest single contributors for this change is emission from the burning of fossil fuels. We were able to control emissions by 95% in the last 20 years by the state of art emission control systems and research on fuel ingredients which resulted to lesser emissions. But looking at the projected car population the advantage gained through the emission control will be wiped off in a decade. Riley, R (2006).World car population. Retrieved April 7, 2008, Web site: http:// www. rqriley. com/moma2. htm Different alternative fuels –Merits and Demerits Ethanol –Produced from starch crops like corn and other crops like sugar beets, cane or cellulose materials, fast growing trees and grasses. It produces less green house gas emissions than conventional fuel. One third of US gasoline contains ethanol in a low level blend to reduce air pollution. The disadvantage is, it gives lesser mileage because of its lower energy content than straight petrol. Bio diesel – Prod uced from vegetable oils and animal fats.It produces less air pollution than petroleum based diesel. Production is expensive. Cost can be brought done by doing research. No need to modify the engines. Good lubricant to the engine. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)-Fossil fuel, generates less air pollutants. It is expensive. Compressed natural gas (CNG) – It produces very low level of pollution. Available refuelling station is still a problem. The storage place in the car occupies more space. Not able to go long distance because of refuelling station availability problem. Hydrogen-It can be produced from fossil fuels, nuclear power or from renewable resources like hydropower.Fuel cell vehicles powered by pure hydrogen emit no harmful air pollutants. Methanol – It is also known as wood alcohol. Methanol is produced by a process using natural gas as a feedstock. It will contaminate ground water. It gives very less mileage. Electricity-It is very silent and no pollution at all . The cost of Vehicle fitted with electric motor is in higher side, the battery charging time is too long. It takes even 8-10 hours to fully charge. The cost of running the car is very cheap. It is only good for city riding with lesser kilometre. For a long distance, it cannot be used because recharging is required for every 150 km.Hybrid cars- It uses combination of small internal combustion engine and an electric motor. It switches between IC engine and electric motors depending on the terrains and speeds. The cars with this type of arrangement are getting popular. The good example for this is Toyota Prius Ron giles (2006), Web extension to Babyboomers, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. babyboomersguide. co. nz/Articles/Alternative+Fuels. html Methodology The above said alternate fuels are under continuous research and until now no breakthrough outcomes has been implementation.The problems with the above fuels are the cost of production of fuel itself. It is costlier than petrol and diesel, the performance does not match with the existing petrol and diesel engines, engine modification cost is too high to accommodate the alternative fuel, refilling, recharging and distribution problem exists. Hence there is no practical breakthrough yet. Already all car manufacturers have invested huge money, time and effort in developing engines for performance and getting succeeded in terms of better torque, noise level, better pickup and mileage.To cope up with this, the research should be practicable and down to earth without any major investment. My proposal My proposal is for Bio Diesel. The reason for selecting for further research is, it is viable, practicable and affordable alternative fuel with no major research cost comparing with research cost of other alternative fuels. By using Bio Diesel there is no pollution problem, no modification of existing car engines for using the same. Only slight adjustments required. It lubricates the engines thus gives longer life to it. The existing distribution system of petrol pumps can be used.It performs better at par with petrol and diesel. It is very safe in transportation better than petrol and diesel because of high flash point. Bio Diesel works well with new technologies such as catalysts. The areas where the research is required is only on ensuring abundant economical availability of the inputs and reducing cost of production by looking into the process . This researcher strongly recommends research on Bio Diesel as future alternative fuel for cars to control the petrol, diesel prices and reduce emission which threatens in the form of Global Warming.References Web extension to National Biodiesel Board, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Web: http://www. biodiesel. org/ Web extension to Bio Diesel Now, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. biodieselnow. com/ Ron giles. (2006). Web extension to Babyboomers, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. babyboomersguide. co. nz/Articles/Alternative+Fuels. html Web extension to Car Stuff, Retrived April 7,2008 from the World Wide Web:http://www. car-stuff. com/carlinks/future. htm About. Inc. (2008). Web extension to About.com:cars, Retrieved April,7 2008 from world web http://cars. about. com/od/alternativetransport/ US Department of Energy. (2007, November,20), Web extension to Alternative and Advanced fuels , Retrived April 7, 2008 from the World wide web: http://www. eere. energy. gov/afdc/fuels/ Edumands Inc. (2007). Web extension to China’s car boom:Privately owned car, Retrived April 7, 2008 from World Wide Web: http://www. edmunds. com/insideline/do/News/articleId=121598 Fuel Economy (2007),Web extension to Alternative fuels, Retrieved April 7, 2008 from World Wide Web: http://www. fueleconomy.gov/Feg/current. shtml Hydrogen boost. (2007). Web extension to What is the Hydrogen-Boost Mileage Enhancement System? Retrieved April 7, 2008 from World Wi de Web: www. hydrogen-boost. com/ About. Com (2008). Web extension to Alternative fulesyou’re your car and gasoline saving, Retrived April 7,2008 from World Wide Web,http://saveenergy. about. com/od/fuelingyourautomobile/Alternative_Fuels_for_your_Car_and_Gasoline_Savings. htm About. Com (2008). Web extension to Bio Diesel, Retrived April 7,2008 from http://saveenergy. about. com/od/fuelingyourautomobile/g/biodiesel. htm

Sin Nombre - 2105 Words

Sin Nombre, loosely translated as â€Å"without name†, is an independent film released in 2009 under the skillful direction of Cary Fukunaga. Fukunaga, a film graduate from New York University, also attended a French university and carries a bachelor’s degree in history from the University of California at Santa Cruz. During his studies and New York University, he made a short film titled Victoria Para Chino, a film about a group of immigrants who died in a refrigerated trailer when immigrating to America; The inspiration behind Sin Nombre came from that short film. In his first major production, Fukunaga continued his interest in the topic of immigration, and came up with the creation of Sin Nombre. The film follows both a young gangster of†¦show more content†¦The authentic representations of the Mara Salvatrucha gang make a strong appeal to intrinsic ethos by displaying Fukunaga’s commitment and intelligence. It is important to establish intrinsic eth os within this film because it helps him gain his audience’s trust, which will greatly effect the overall acceptance of his argument. Fukunaga displays the results of his years of personal research by creating an extremely accurate representation of the gang’s culture. Through the use of several visual and audial elements, the audience is thrown into an experience as if they were experiencing the gang personally, as Fukunaga had. The authentic tattoos littering the bodies of the gangsters, the graffiti masking the walls of the cities and trains, and the reenactments of the brutal rituals and initiations of MS-13, along with the dialogue and hand signals, create both a shocking but authentic representation of the gang’s impact on Central America and Mexico. The tattoos were so authentic, in fact, that they put the actors from the film at risk. In an interview with Neal Conan of National Public Radio, Fukunaga explained the danger of sporting such tattoos: â€Å" We had to make sure that the tattoos for his face, and neck and hands, all of that needed to wash off and needed to be cleaned off before we send any of the actors home because they are real insignias and makes you a target.† Fukunaga’s ability toShow MoreRelatedFilm Analysis - Sin Nombre950 Words   |  4 PagesFilm 1070 1 September 2013 Film Analysis/Personal Reflection: Sin Nombre The movie, â€Å"Sin Nombre† directed by, Cary Fukunaga, is about the story of a young man, by the name of Willy, living in Mexico, whom is a member of the gang known as â€Å"MS†. This film makes its audience familiar with the struggles of the journey for immigrants trying to make it to America. Willy’s commitment for the gang turns redundant when one of the other gang members murders his girlfriend. A series of events occur inRead MoreSin Nombre Movie Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION The movie I chose to do my movie analysis on was Sin Nombre. I chose this movie because it stood out to me the most, mainly because of the title in Spanish. I used four concepts while analyzing this epic movie. First I applied the power elite theory to see who had the power in this power city and how they used their power. Then I used the social conflict theory to see what caused the people to get into the gangs and how the gangs acted to the people. The socialization theory is shownRead MoreSin Nombre Virus Risk Assessment in Yosemite National Park Essay2933 Words   |  12 PagesSIN NOMBRE VIRUS RISK ASSESMENT IN YOSEMITE NATIONAL PARK Hantaviruses are a genus of virus that are single-stranded, negative-sensed RNA viruses with a tripartite genome, represented by 45 different species across a worldwide distribution (Dearing and Dizney, 2010). They are pathogens primarily hosted by small mammals, in the family Muridae, with rats and mice making up the majority of these hosts. Hantaviruses first came to be known when two major disease events occurring in the twentieth centuryRead More ¿Hasta quà © punto las conjeturas sobre los atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001 explican que este hecho fue un auto atentado?1051 Words   |  5 Pagesel Pentà ¡gono Este texto fue publicado en el 2002 y es tambià ©n una fuente secundaria escrita por un francà ©s que asegura que los atentados del 11 de septiembre habrà ­an sido organizados por una faccià ³n del complejo militar-industrial norteamericano. Sin embargo, en el 2002 fue declarado â€Å"persona non grata† en Estados Unidos por el Departamento de Defensa Norteamericano por ser una de â€Å"las principales fuentes de desinformacià ³n antinorteamericanos del mundo†. Mà ¡s de 3000 obras han sido publicadas enRead MoreEl signifcado de los colores Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesEL COLOR â€Å"La visià ³n del color es una percepcià ³n. Sin la mente no existirà ­a el color† Isaac Newton. El color es una propiedad de los cuerpos que depende de la luz del entorno y de su intensidad; todo lo que percibimos sobre el color en los distintos objetos que nos rodean es en realidad una sensacià ³n creada por nuestra mente con la ayuda de la luz que se refleja sobre los cuerpos y llega hasta nuestros ojos. La luz del entorno (luz solar) esta compuesta por varios colores, Isaac NewtonRead MoreBop Rules1364 Words   |  6 Pagesprovee para ayudarle a los reos que hablan espaà ±ol y no dominan el inglà ©s a que completen el formulario correspondiente de la Agencia. Es solo un modelo que sirve como ejemplo, y no se debe completar.** Destinatario Institucià ³n Fecha Asunto: (Nombre del Reo y Nà ºmero de Registro) Estimado/a : He pedido que usted sea incluido/a entre mis visitantes aprobados. Para establecer lo apropiado que es que usted sea un visitante, pueda ser necesario que los oficiales de la institucià ³n envà ­en un formularioRead MoreEpigrams in Ancient Greece635 Words   |  3 Pagesdifà ­cil discernir su funcià ³n en casos que carecen de pistas significativas que indiquen su grado de ficcià ³n; la existencia de un soporte fà ­sico o una estela, el perà ­odo en el que fue escrito, los temas tratados, la extensià ³n y la forma, la inclusià ³n de nombres propios y su estudio onomà ¡stico†¦ Todos ellos son indicios que facilitan la inferencia de conclusiones respecto a la naturaleza del epigrama, que puede ser tanto prà ¡ctica, con un sentido estrictamente funerario, como literaria. Ante un epigrama funerarioRead MoreEssay Identidad en la multitud errante by Laura Restrepo742 Words   |  3 Pagesmultitud errante es una historia de migrantes pero una historia de amor tambià ©n. El protagonista, que es un hombre de camino que ya lleva toda su vida en bà ºsqueda de la tierra prometida, se llama Siete por tres. Todo lo ha dejado atrà ¡s. Incluyendo su nombre, pero de alguna manera, Siete por tres va en contra del corriente del gran flujo de migrantes; todos està ¡n en bà ºsqueda de un trabajo, mientras que Siete por tres van en contra và ­a porque el esta en bà ºsqueda de una mujer que se le perdià ³ en los trà ¡fagosRead MoreThe Sleep Dealer : An Alien Body3180 Words   |  13 Pagesworks concerning migration across borders. At the time of its release, Sleep Dealer was just one of a series of films made by Latin American directors that focused on the precariousness of life in the global south. The films include such works as Sin Nombre (Cary Fukunaga 2007), Roma (Adolfo Aristarain 2004) Maria Full of Grace (Joshua Marston 2004 ) and Babel,(Alejandro Gonzà ¡lez 2006) and Biutiful (Alejandro Gonzà ¡lez Ià ±Ãƒ ¡rritu 2010). Encompassing various styles and subjects films of the so calledRead MoreBiologà ­a: La cà ©lula y el à ¡tomo 1300 Words   |  5 Pagescelular. La pared celular es un orgà ¡nulo complejo à ºnicamente presente en organismos vegetales y algunos tipos de bacteria, esta estructura actà ºa como fijador. En el interior de la cà ©lula encontramos grandes bolsas llenas de là ­quido, estas reciben el nombre de vacuola y su funcià ³n es la de almacenar là ­quidos y otras sustancias de deshecho. Las vacuolas tambià ©n influyen en el crecimiento celular, es decir a medida que aumentan su volumen al almacenar là ­quido, aumenta el tamaà ±o de la cà ©lula en cuestià ³n

Entrepreneurship Degree Definition, Types and Careers

An entrepreneurship degree is an academic degree awarded to students who have completed a college, university, or business school program related to entrepreneurship or small business management. Types of Entrepreneurship Degrees There are four basic types of entrepreneurship degrees that can be earned from a college, university, or business school: Associates Degree: An associates degree, also known as a two-year degree, is the next level of education after earning a high school diploma or GED.Bachelors Degree: A bachelors degree is another option for students whove already earned a high school diploma or GED. Most bachelors programs take four years to complete, but there are exceptions. Accelerated three-year programs are also available.Masters Degree: A masters degree is a graduate-level degree for students who have already earned a bachelors degree. Students can choose to earn an MBA or a specialized masters degree.Doctorate Degree: A doctorate degree is the highest degree that can be earned in any field. The length of doctorate programs vary, but students should expect to spend several years earning their diploma. An associates degree in entrepreneurship can be earned in about two years. A bachelors degree program usually lasts four years, and a masters program can typically be completed within two years after earning a bachelors degree. Students who have earned a masters degree in entrepreneurship can expect to earn a doctoral degree in four to six years. The amount of time that it takes to complete any of these degree programs is dependent on the school offering the program and the students level of study. For example, students who study part-time will take more time to earn a degree than students who study full-time. Do Entrepreneurs Truly Need a Degree? The bottom line is that a degree is not a must for entrepreneurs. Many people have launched successful businesses without a formal education. However, degree programs in entrepreneurship can help students learn more about accounting, ethics, economics, finance, marketing, management, and other subjects that come into play in the day-to-day running of a successful business. Other Entrepreneur Degree Career Choices Many people who earn an entrepreneurship degree do go on to start their own business. However, there are other career options that can be pursued for which an entrepreneurship degree can come in handy. Possible job choices include, but are not limited to: Business Manager: Business managers typically plan, direct, and oversee operations and employees.Corporate Recruiter: Corporate recruiters help corporate firms locate, research, interview, and hire employees.Human Resources Manager: Human resources managers supervise aspects of employee relations and may evaluate and formulate policies relating to company personnel.Management Analyst: Management analysts analyze and evaluate operating procedures and make recommendations based on their findings.Marketing Research Analyst: Marketing research analysts collect and analyze information to determine the demand for a potential product or service. Further Reading Business Majors: Majoring in Entrepreneurship

The Argument Of Teen Pregnancy - 813 Words

For some time now, teen pregnancies have become an intense and emotional debate in America. The argument of teen pregnancy has been disputed in households across America, discussed on social media sites like Facebook, debated by many of our most powerful political leaders, and analyzed by researchers. Furthermore, pregnant teens are being judged regularly by political groups/movements, the ultra-religious groups, and ordinary Americans. The highly publicized debate has even compelled networks such as MTV (Music Television) to produce a show called 16 Pregnant. 16 Pregnant examines the challenges that pregnant teens face in marriage, adoption, religion, graduating high school, and the struggles of getting a job. My close friend was quoted saying, â€Å"I am overly against teen pregnancy. The reason why is because I believe that teenagers aren’t ready to be parents. They usually do not have the maturity, the mental capacity, the patience, or the financial standing to car e for a baby† (Smith, 2014). It appears that all Americans have an opinion (positive or negative) on the subject of teenage pregnancy. Has anyone thought to ask a pregnant teen how they truly feel about being judged, criticized, analyzed, and/or praised for their action? I am sure their answers would be surprising to most. I can only imagine that being a pregnant teen can be an emotional roller coaster. Pregnant teens have to make tough life decisions to abort a child, put a child up for adoption, orShow MoreRelatedArgument: Birth Control Reduces Teen Pregnancy, It Is Not801 Words   |  4 PagesArgument: Birth Control reduces teen pregnancy, it is not the same as a termination of a pregnancy, and it is something that needs to be covered by insurance because of these reasons. Quote maybe: Legislative proposals that would enable an employer to determine whether or not a woman s insurance would cover the cost of birth control strikes women as particularly bizarre. Is the boss going to take care of the children that are conceived accidentally? Stop treating us like children. Women are grownRead MoreSex Education Is An Important, Emotional And Controversial1645 Words   |  7 Pagessex education is teaching teens how to practice safe sex, providing teens with types of protection, and how to use it, as well as services and resources available to help them in making decisions to practice safe sex. Abstinence-only programs teach teens to not have sex, or anything â€Å"arousing† until marriage, and the real world fear of contracting STDs. Claims, Assumptions, and Support (Melissa) Abstinence versus Comprehensive Sex education seems to be the same arguments as over the past twenty yearsRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Essays1358 Words   |  6 Pagespoints out in her article Teen Pregnancy in America Today that everyone - both liberals and conservatives should be able to agree that it is in everyone’s best interest when teenagers wait before making the decision to have sex, which could result in unplanned pregnancies. She points out that it is everyone’s responsibility to make an effort to support programs, which will educate and give teenagers positive, productive ways to fill their time, which is a stronger argument than blaming the issue onRead MoreComprehensive Preparation For A Complete Life1068 Words   |  5 Pagesfor a Complete Life Teen pregnancy has been a serious social issue for quite a while. Often, a teen pregnancy is detrimental for both the teen and the child involved. Both a teen mother and her child are more susceptible to complications during the pregnancy and birth than and adult mother and her child. Unfortunately, a teen mother and her infant are also less likely to pursue and receive healthcare to alleviate these health risks (Teen Pregnancy). Moreover, â€Å"teen pregnancy is often cited as a factorRead MoreA Pro-Choice Essay on Abortion1568 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious attempts to stall this menace in the USA but the approaches have always looked at the issue of teenage pregnancy as a religious and family value issue hence missing the point at all times. There must be a cultural and social consensus that the issue of sexuality is a normal and healthy segment of an individuals life and that by wide and far, the sexual intercourse is part of the wider teen population life because at the age of 1 6 years, 40% of Americans have already had sexual intercourse. TheseRead MoreAbstinence And Comprehensive Sex Education999 Words   |  4 Pagesabstinence side of the argument between abstinence and comprehensive sex education because of my religious beliefs. Although I feel abstinence should be the focus of sex education, I think it is important to teach young people a balance to protect themselves. While researching this topic, it seems that many of the articles have the same idea to teach abstinence along with safe sex which would be comprehensive sex ed. With the rising sexual transmitted diseases and pregnancies, young people need toRead MoreFree And Accessible Birth Control1722 Words   |  7 Pagescontrol easily outweigh any of the cons that may come. My goal for this paper is to talk about the pros of having free and accessible birth control, which would be lower abortion rate, lower teenage pregnancy rate, and the many health benefits. I will also touch on the opposin g side of this argument, which will be that, it will be too expensive, that abstinence is key, and that if birth control became free and accessible women would no longer go the doctor. The Affordable Care Act was signed intoRead MoreEssay on Emergency Contraception871 Words   |  4 Pagesstill igniting many debates just as it did when it was first introduced to the United States. Emergency contraception continues to be a highly emotional and controversial issue, both for advocates who believe EC will lower the number of unintended pregnancies and abortions, and for opponents who believe that using EC amounts to an abortion. The controversy fueling this debate centers around one of the ways that emergency contraception works. Emergency contraception can prevent or delay ovulation, affectRead MoreReflecting on Sources: An Assignment1879 Words   |  7 Pageshelp in reducing and preventing of teen pregnancy. The organization is called The National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy. She is influential because she has served on many advisory boards which promote the values and policies towards the prevention of teen pregnancy ADDIN EN.CITE The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy201197(The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy, 2011a)979712The National Campaign to Prevent Teen Pregnancy,Sarah Brown20111776 Massachusetts AvenueTheRead MoreCondoms At School : Disaster Or Success1194 Words   |  5 PagesHow would it feel to be a 17 year old teen that is having to go home and tell their parents that they are pregnant, or that they have contracted a sexually transmitted disease (STD)? It does not sound very pleasant, does it? If teens were to have easy access to condoms these things may not be a problem. A condom is a thin latex sheath that acts as a barrier device (Bedsider, 2014). Condoms are used during intercourse as a barrier to protect from unwanted pregnancy and contracting STDs (Bedsider, 2014)

Franz Joseph Haydn Symphony free essay sample

Franz Joseph Haydn Symphony No. 2 in C Major ay JACKASS Biography: Franz Joseph Haydn was born on March 31, 1732 in Aurora, Austria. He was among the creators of the fundamental genres of classical music, and his influence upon later composers is immense. In his early life Franz Joseph Haydn was recruited at age 8 to the sing In the choir at SST. Stephens Cathedral In Vienna, where he went on to learn to play violin and keyboard. After he left the choir, he supported himself by teaching and playing violin, while studying counterpoint and harmony.Haydn soon became an assistant to composer Nicola Purport in exchange for lessons, and in 1761 he was named Experimentalist, or court musician, at the palace of the Influential Esters;z family, a position that would financially support him for nearly 30 years. Isolated at the palace from other composers and musical trends, he was, as he put it, forced to become original. We will write a custom essay sample on Franz Joseph Haydn Symphony or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page While Haydn rose in the Esters;z familys esteem, his popularity outside the palace walls also increased, and he eventually wrote as much music for publication as for the family.Several important works of this erred were commissions from abroad, such as the Paris symphonies (1785-1786) and the original orchestral version of The Seven Last Words of Christ (1786). Haydn came to feel sequestered and lonely, however, missing friends back in Vienna, such as Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, so In 1 791 , when a new Esters;z prince let Haydn go, he quickly accepted an invitation to go to England to conduct new symphonies. Audiences flocked to Heydays concerts, and during his time in England he generated some of his best-known work, including the Rider quartet and the Surprise, Military, Drummond and London symphonies.Haydn returned to Vienna in 1795 and took up his former position with the Esters;sys, although only part-time. At this point, he was a public fugue in Vienna, and when he wasnt at home composing, he was making frequent public appearances. With his health failing, his creative spirit outlasted his ability to harness It, and he died at age 77 on May 31, 1809 In Vienna, Austria -Haydn Is remembered as the first great symphonists and the composer who essentially invented the string quartet. The principal engineer of the classical style, Haydn exe rted influence on the likes of Mozart, his student Ludwig van Beethoven and scores of others.Information on the Symphony: Background information: Joseph Heydays Symphony No. 2 in C major is believed to have been written between 1757 and 1761. It Is scored for 2 oboes, bassoon, 2 horns, strings as well as the basso continuo also known as figured bass. Like many of the earliest symphonies by Haydn is in three movements: Movement 1 is Allegro, Movement 2 is in Andante in G Major, and Movement 3 is Presto. In the second movement, the wind Instruments are omitted and the violins play In semiquavers room start to finish with the pattern frequently broken by the use of trills.The violas in this slow movement double the bass part throughout. The last movement is 1 OFF Ninth imitative processes. It is the only one of Heydays symphonies that contains no repeat signs. It is also one of his shortest symphonies and when performed it generally lasts less than ten minutes. Exposition: When the first theme starts it is in a syncopated rhythm with all the Instruments. After the syncopation it modulates to G major. One thing that is very prominent is the way Haydn starts the piece in middle C then Jumped down an octave then moving up the scale until he comes back to middle C.Moving through the first theme the syncopation disappears and then reappears with the original underlying first theme in the second violin part as the theme slowly evolves into the second theme. You definitely hear the change in themes because you go from a very bouncy feeling to a more dramatic feel. When the second theme starts it modulates to G minor until it reaches the transition in which it modulates back to G Major. The transition carries over to the Repeated Exposition in G major it is in the strings only. E second time the second theme appears it is in G major and is quickly shift to a transition that modulates to B minor and Just as quickly in A major and then back to 3 major. This leads us into the development. Rhea Development: The development section is Just as lively as the beginning but is also short. It starts in C major. The melody goes back in forth between the treble and bass voices. When it modulates to G Major the notes become more syncopated that goes back and forth between the tonic and dominate. He ends the development with syncopation the strings only ending with a big Major 1 chord in G Major.Recapitulation: The recapitulation starts with a modulation in C major and uses the same syncopated rhythm as at the beginning of theme one. Except when it moves to the second theme it modulates to Be Major. It is also very short that carries over right Into the closing theme. Closing Theme: The closing theme stays in C major until the end. In goes back and forth between tonic and dominant. He ends the entire piece with the beginning of the first them with the syncopated rhythm in only the violins and ends with a Perfect Authentic Cadence in C Major.

Describe the difference between spoken and written modes in form and function Essay Example For Students

Describe the difference between spoken and written modes in form and function Essay Speaking and writing are two different methods of communication which todays society cannot be without. The mode a person chooses to communicate with depends on a number of things such as the situation, the person giving the information and the person receiving it. Speech is an impermanent method of communication as it cannot be recalled due to memory problems, therefore, it is less suitable for long and complex messages. It is a instantaneous and interactive method of a communication which is why it is a useful way of communicating emotions as well as the best method for conversation. It is more likely to be informal, subjective and personal. The written mode of communication is fixed and permanent. Writing is more objective and impersonal and is a good method of communication to use for planning, correctness, keeping records and organisation. I will convey why these two different modes of communication are beneficial in different forms and how and why their functions make this so. In the written mode of communication, you may have a distant or unknown audience whereas in the spoken mode, you will be able to see or hear the person you are speaking to which means that speech is interactive. The other person therefore has chance to reply and ask questions. This is where minimal responses such as mmm and yeah are used to let the speaker know that they are being understood or followed. The speaker often requests this minimal response with questions like you see or do you know what I mean. This is clearly displayed in Extract 1 when Henry Cockburn says because its quite near you see and the interviewer replies with yeah and then Henry carries on speaking. Henry probably did not want to know if the interviewer knew that it was quite near, just that he was listening and followed his speech which is why this requests for a response actually occur. Speech is interactive because it can be used in a face to face situation, over the phone and interpersonal in many other respects. However there are exceptions to this. The spoken mode is not always an interactive experience; spoken words can be recorded onto a Dictaphone for example and later played back to the receiver which also means that it is not an impermanent method of communication as previously mentioned, nor is it instantaneous. Recorded speech is just as useful as the written mode of communication in some respects; this is because it can be listened to over and over again until the recipient fully understands the meaning. It is also suitable for complex messages for the same reasons. Feedback, if necessary, can also be slow or delayed because of this. The written mode of communication is distant in time which means that reading and feedback can be slow or delayed. It can also be one way communication with no feedback. However, there are always exceptions to rules. Writing is not always distant in time as new technology such as instant messaging allows communication through the written mode to take place instantaneously. Using the written mode of communication can be beneficial in many ways. The written text will reach the recipient in the form which has been exactly desired by the writer as it can be revised and edited many times before passing it on corrected to the recipient. This is very useful as you have time to spend thinking about what you want to say and how you want to say it whereas with speech you cannot have time to spend thinking about how or what you want to say and how you want to say it as it is instantaneous. This is clearly displayed in Extract 1 Joining Manchester United FC where the interviewer says How how what was the age range Here, two of the most prominent flaws in speech are conveyed; repetition and then a change of what is being said due to a false start. Gangs of Chicago EssayAs well as being more standardised and less personal, the written mode of communication has to be clear and unambiguous, and avoid context-bound expressions. This is especially relevant when writing to an unknown or mass audience so they can fully understand what you are trying to convey to them. Speech is unlike this. It is a lot more context bound and can be vague, imprecise, roundabout and also need feedback questions. However this is not the case with prepared speech. The requirements for the written mode of communication I have just mentioned do not always apply though. Many quick notes and text messages between friends are just as full of the inaccuracies of speech as speech itself! An extract from a recent text message I recieved from a friend read, boo! dontforget 2meet us outside the place where u no who fullmontybonked wiv [emailprotected] txtbak luvk8xxx That extract from a text message between two friends is very vague, imprecise, totally informal with no punctuation or structured sentences and is extremely context bound. It also has mis-spelled words, colloquialisms and the taboo language is from and the specific group of friends lexis. If that particular text message had been written in standard English and in a more formal situation it would have probably read Hello Cassie, I would like to confirm the previously made arrangement to meet with you outside The Bridgwater Hotel, at nine Oclock tonight. I would greatly appreciate it if you could contact me at your earliest convenience to clarify this. Thank you, Kate. However, as it was a text message sent between two friends and the recipient of the message was able to understand the sender clearly. This is because it was a situation understood by a group of friends so it was OK for it to be context bound and vague. As I mentioned previously, prepared speech is unlike spontaneous speech and does not conform to the stereotypes of the spoken mode, as it is more like the written mode. In prepared speech, the language is less redundant, with tighter sentence construction and a lot less, if no self-correction . it is also likely to be more formal. As it is prepared it flows a lot easier as you know what you are going to say so typical flaws of the spoken mode of communication are not as readily present. This is could also be because prepared speech is sometimes read. And as the written mode of communication is of more organised grammar with periodic sentences and paragraphs, it is by far more structured. Depending on the context, one form of communication will be required firstly above the other. Because conversation plays such a big part in all of our lives, speech I would the most widely used mode of communication. This is because it is instantaneous, giving us instant feedback and also lets us know more about the whole person due to emotions being conveyed more effectively through not only the language itself, but body language, tone and eye contact. The written mode of communication is more widely used in business as it is very useful for keeping permanent records of customer details and transactions which are completely necessary. It is also useful in case they ever have a dispute and need to prove something in court as they have a written evidence. However, new technology such as text messaging, instant messaging over the inter-net and e-mail are encouraging people to contact each other using the written mode of communication a lot more frequently. However, speaking from personal experience, I do have to add that the only time I talk on an instant messaging service is when the person who I am trying to contact is engaged on their phone line! It is the same with text messages; if they have there phone turned off, I text them so I know that as soon as they turn it on they will receive a message from me telling them what I needed them to know! My personal favourite method of communication is speech; there is nothing better than a good conversation!